Underreporting occurs due to individuals being dishonest regarding their behavior, therefore causing an error in the research done. A possible solution to this limitation is focusing on observed behavior, and correlating the findings with the self-reporting behavior, therefore developing a conclusion that is more in-depth. Furthermore, Article 2 emphasized that other factors can influence self-labeling as a victim in relation to work-place bullying, not just anxiety and anger. In addition, discovering a moderation effect regarding negative acts of violence and self-labeling is hard to discover due to the psychological way an individual may experience an event. Lastly, Article 3 honed on the lack of variances of deviant behavior.
Examine why some sociologists choose not to use experiments when conducting research? (20 marks) Many sociologists choose not to use laboratory experiments for research because it fails to achieve their main goal of validity. To have complete control of conditions in a lab experiment is impossible as that level of control over variables would require a completely artificial environment which will be very expensive. However in contrast other sociologists such as Positivists disagree and are in favour of laboratory experiments. Other alternatives to laboratory experiments are field experiment and the comparative method.
Research Comparison of Transformational, Transactional, and Interculturally Developed Leaders Karen Franklin-Williamson Grand Canyon University: RES 811 January 14, 2013 Research Comparison of Transformational and Inter-culturally Developed Leaders An empirical research article is written by the individual who is responsible for leading the investigation. Since the author conducted the research, he is considered the primary source. (Butin, 2010). The objective of this essay is to compare, contrast, and synthesize information in three Empirical research studies. All three articles were written by the researcher who completed the study.
The journal does not truly seem to provide any usefully information because it does not reveal much of the educational side of their psycho-education. It does however provide all of the information of the experiment. It shows all the results, which does not hold much meaning due to the current outcome. The information that was provided in this trail is just a more detailed description of an unsuccessful trial. The information that was found on Google and in other psychological websites gives more information about the disease and how to manage it for the individual, family, and friends.
When a person suffers with psychological distress the way in which they interpret situations can become skewed, which in turn has a negative impact on the actions they take. He named these cognitions "automatic thoughts" because he believed that people were not necessarily aware that the cognitions existed, but that they could identify these types of thoughts when questioned closely. Beck believed that pushing his clients to identify these automatic thoughts was integral to overcoming a particular difficulty (Westbrook et al, 2007). Beck was later influenced by Ellis in his work around Behavioural Therapy and the idea that people can overcome psychological issues by altering the way they perceive an experience and in turn use this to change their attitude and behaviour towards experiences which enable the person to have positive feelings instead of negative. Becks studies found that patients’ automatic thoughts fell into three categories, the patients had negative ideas about themselves, the world and/or the future and these thoughts could lead to anxiety and depression.
A higher response rate can be obtained if follow-up questionnaires are sent, but this can add to the cost and time. However, some sociologists may choose to use questionnaires as there is no need to recruit and train interviewees thus saving costs. Another reason as to why some sociologists choose not to use questionnaires when conducting research is because of the fact that questionnaires are snapshots of social reality of the time when the respondents answer the questionnaires. This means that they fail to produce valid pictures as they do not capture how people’s attitudes can change over time. On the other hand, questionnaires tend to be used by sociologists as they provide less ethical issues than other research methods.
Gabor states “No drugs, in itself, are addictive.” This means that it is not the drug that causes the addiction, it is why the people are doing the drugs in the first place, and the way it makes them feel. If people grow up in an abusive household and have never experienced a “warm, soft hug”(305), they turn to drugs because it will give them that feeling. Although some may agree with Mate’s argument, the ways in which he gives his evidence and examples lacks all the necessary information needed in order to make a decision on whether you agree or disagree with his argument. In paragraph four Mate uses a scientific example saying, “Only about 8 per cent to 15 per cent of people who try, say alcohol or marijuana, go on to addictive use.” (305) While this statistic may be true, it is difficult to report on how many of those people of that eight to fifteen per cent are using it because they simply have an addictive personality. For Mate to say that all addictive drug use is caused from neglect issues is not accurate because he does not account for the people who do drugs because they want to.
3.2 The general diagnosing issues specifically surrounding Borderline Personality Disorder While it is difficult to diagnose adolescents with Personality Disorders it is also challenging in general to give a Personality Disorder diagnosis. This is because according to Tutorial Letter 101 for PYC4802 (2012, p.34), in order to diagnose Personality Disorders individuals need to be accessed over time, as well as across various scenarios. Individuals also need to be detached from symptoms that may only have appeared after specific stressors, traumatic experiences and/or fleeting mental states. Borderline Personality Disorder in particular provokes a sense doubt of in researchers and psychiatrists as well as feelings of aggravation in those who work with such patients. The diagnosis of a Borderline Personality Disorder has been disputed as some clinicians state that the disorder can be explained by various comorbid conditions or as alternative disorders found on Axis 1 of the DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Personality Disorders), such as a mood disorder (Goodman, Hazlett, New, Koenigsberg & Siever, 2009, p.
Some individuals feel that group therapy may be too threatening because you are letting other individuals know your business and you may feel uncomfortable about that. Another con is group therapy specifically for anxiety disorders and that may not be provided in the area that you life in (Schneier & Welkowitz, 1996). Individual therapy provides individuals greater availability, one-on-one attention and a greater focus on your specific issues. Individual therapy has been a treatment of choice for the one who are suffering (Schneier & Welkowitz,
It is generally assumed that substance abuse clients are products of a broken family structure and are prone to criminal behavior. Thus warranting the need for group facilitators to filter out most all and/or any negative energy and replace it with the positive. After-all the goal is to modify their behavior, what better way can one began to foster positive reinforcement then to provide the initial environment for such. However, there is always a chance that different claims and/or viewpoints can present challenges. For example, one might find that providing positive energy support for clients is not priority; thus, this can lead to more than just a difference of opinion.