Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm consists of all the components outside of the nucleus and within the cell membrane of the cell. It contains the organelles of a cell. The cytoplasm has a jelly like appearance and is clear in colour. It’s made of mostly water, salt, organelles, and other organic molecules. Nucleus: The center core or brain of the cell.
The heads of the molecules are hydrophilic (‘water loving’) and face the water. Overall, the cell membrane acts to selectively allow substances to move into and out of the cell and maintains the cell potential. Proteins within the membrane act as molecular signals allowing the cells to communicate with each other and other substances outside the cell. About 70% of the cell membrane is actually protein. The cytoplasm of the cell has a number of organelles, although the one that I will focus on is the vacuole.
The details of each membrane will be discussed in further detail. The organelles composed of membranes are the Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Vacuoles/Vesicles, Nuclear Membrane, Mitochondria, and Chloroplast. The cell membrane is an extremely important cell part that functions as a barrier that completely surrounds the cell and serves as an animal cell's outer barrier. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer. The phospholipid bilayer is made up of a double layer of fatty acids that have a hydrophobic interior and a hydrophilic exterior.
5. The interior of eukaryotic cells contain numerous membrane-bound structures called ___________. 6. The _________ of a eukaryotic cell contains most of the cell's hereditary apparatus, which isolates it from the rest of the cell. 7.
Cristina Alzandua General Biology 1401 Dr. Erin Schuenzel February 13, 2014 Bacterial and Eukaryotic Cell Structures All organisms are composed of cells which are characteristically microscope in size. Cell size is limited by the efficiency of diffusion across the plasma membrane. A typical eukaryotic cell is 10 to 100 micrometers in diameter opposed to prokaryotic cells are 1 to 10 micrometers in diameter. Bacterial and Eukaryotic cells display different cell organization in their size and structure, but despite this all they display basic structural similarities as well. Differences between the structures of a bacterial and eukaryotic cell Bacteria cells are sheathed by a strong cell wall which is composed of peptidoglycan (polymer of sugar).
The number of Golgi bodies in a cell varies according to its function. Animal cells contain 10-20 Golgi per cell. The Golgi apparatus is also responsible for producing lysosomes. Cell membrane: The electron microscope shows the cell membrane to be a lipid--*protein sandwich. The lipids are small, fatty molecules in two layers with larger protein molecules inserted at intervals partly or completely through the bi-layer.
Cytoplasm is anything within the plasma cell membrane, but outside the nucleus. The following things that are found within a cell are individual organelles. Mitochondria Mitochondria are spherical or rod shaped bodies that can be found within the cytoplasm and are concerned with energy release. Each
Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells both can contain a cell wall however in prokaryotic cells the cell wall is peptidoglycan (a mixture of sugar and protein) if the organism is a eubacteria, or pseudomurein if the organism is a archae bacteria whereas in eukarotic cells a cell wall is only present if the organism is a plant or a fungi and the cell wall is constructed of cellulose in plants or chitin if the organism is a fungi. Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells can both contain cytoplasm. That cytoplasm is made of fatty acids joined to glycerol by an
Cell Membrane The cell membrane is a thin semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell. The membranes function is to protect the integrity of the interior of the cell by allowing certain substances into the cell, while keeping other substances out. It is a fluid phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins and glycoproteins. The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the polar ends of the molecules (the portion of the phospholipid that is soluble in water) form the outermost and innermost surface of the membrane while the non-polar ends (the fatty acid portions of the phospholipids that are insoluble in water) form the centre of the membrane Nuclear Membrane It is a double-layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell that controls what enters and leaves the nucleus. It can also be called nuclear envelope.
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can have thin extensions of the plasma membrane supported by elements of the cytoskeleton, including flagella and cilia in eukaryotes and flagella, end flagella, fimbriae and pili in prokaryotes. These extensions can function in motility (cell movement), to move materials around the outside of the cell, or to help the cell adhere to surfaces. The mechanics of how these extensions move differs between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. There are some prokaryotes and eukaryotes that possess a glycocalyx. These sticky sugar-based structures anchor cells to each other, help cells stick to surfaces, and provide some protection.