Skin Cancer Tumorigenesis is a multistep process that comes from different acquired, and in some cases inherited, genetic mismatches. When these alterations come together they lead to imbalances between critical cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Unfortunately these imbalances allow for clonal cell expansion and ultimately tumor development. Certain advances in forming the genetic basis of skin cancers have been made. Skin cells are always being overwhelmed with radiation and certain genes are responsible for fixing the damage.
Less commonly, a mutation can be in every cell of a person’s body from birth. These mutations are typically passed from a patent to a child, This is called a germline mutation. Because this type of genetic change is in every cell of the body, including the reproductive sperm cells and egg cells, it can be passed from generation to generation. Cancer caused by germline mutations is called inherited cancers which makes up about 5% to 10% of all cancers (Cancer.Net). Mutations happen often, and the human body is normally able to correct most of these changes.
These mistakes result in mutation leading to loss or inappropriate expression of affected genes. Studies indicate that genetic alterations in the P53 tumor suppressor gene play an important role in the development of skin cancer. The p53 gene is also involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death), and it has been proposed that p53 serves as a “guardian of the genome” by aiding in DNA repair or by going through apoptosis to elimated cells with excessive DNA damage. Unrepaired damage in the p53 gene are transformed into mutations thereby initiating the process of carcinogenesis. Following repeated exposures to UV, keratinocytes (sunburn cells) carrying
What is a neoplasm? What is the difference between benign and malignant neoplasms? What are the two main hereditary properties of cancer? Which type of skin cancer causes more deaths than the others combined? UNCONTROLLED cell proliferation 1) abnormally HIGH rates of cell division: • the cell cycle has LOST regulatory control 2) can DETACH and INVADE other tissues.
• If the protein doesn't fold properly or if it misfolds, the process results in disease. The misfolding of the protein PrPC turns to a harmful PrPSc. • PrPSc is hydrophobic and needs other cells so it changes other PrPC’s into PrPSc. • Eventually all of the PrPC’s are changed to PrPSc’s and aggregate together in the cell and ultimately kill the cell. • This cell death is what gives tissue the spongy like appearance known as BSE.
GNT1 Western Governor University GNT1 Task2 Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic metabolic disorder that is passed to a child through both parents’ chromosomes. The disease is inherited in the autosomal recessive pattern, where two unaffected carrier parents of a recessive trait will pass it on to their offspring to express that trait. In autosomal recessive patterns, each child has a 25% chance that the recessive trait will be express in the phenotype. When the parents are closely related, the probability of the offspring showing the recessive trait is greatly increased. In Tay-Sachs disease, the child inherits mutations in both alleles of a gene (HEXA) on chromosome 15.
Nancy Terry Unit 4 Case Study 2 There are many things that can contribute to he risk of having skin cancer. Our genes play a huge role in our skin, but the can also influence the risk of developing skin cancer. Genetic mutations account for forty percent of all occurrences of inherited skin cancers. Research shows that specific mutations in certain genes like POT1 were likely to develop melanoma, which is a type of skin cancer. This particularly mutation deactivates POT1, which protects the ends of chromosomes.
Ernesto Sanchez BIO: 187 Instructor: Anna April 16, 2012 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Even though living organisms were designed to function as a perfect machine, different genetic errors occur occasionally. Many of these genetic disorders are caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes. In other worlds, person’s DNA strands are affected. There are many different types of genetic disorders; some are inherited from the parents, while others are caused by acquired changes, or mutations in a previous group of genes. Since generic disorders are present before birth, and the damage from these diseases are irreversible.
The leukodystrophies are a group of rare, progressive, metabolic, genetic disorders that can affect the brain, spinal cord and often the nerves outside the central nervous system (peripheral nerves). Each type of leukodystrophy is caused by an abnormality affecting a specific gene that results in abnormal development of one of at least 10 different chemicals that make up the white matter of the brain. The white matter is tissue composed of nerve fibers. Many of these nerve fibers are covered by a collection of fats (lipids) and proteins known as myelin. Myelin, which collectively may be referred to as the myelin sheath, protects the nerve fibers, acts as an insulator and increases the speed of transmission of nerve signals.
Pedigree Analysis- To trace a genetic disease Genetic illness or disease often runs in families. I share many of the physical characteristics of my mother and father, like body build, eye color, and hair color. I inherited those traits from one or both of my parents. Those physical observable characteristics are called phenotypes. These traits are carried on alleles, and we are given one by each parent.