Illicit use of these drugs can lead to low birth weight, breathing difficulties, death, and of course the possibility of the baby being born addicted to the drug. Drug addictions in infants present themselves as irritability, fevers, and piercing cries. More specifically, cocaine use during pregnancy can cause physical deformities in the child’s eyes, bones, genitals, urinary tract, kidneys and heart and acute growth retardation. They may also experience seizures and hemorrhages. While many people believe that marijuana may not be as harmful as these other drugs, it can still affect the infant in a few ways.
Unit 4222-245 Christine Stokes LD 201 Outcome 1 (1) The following are some of the legislation and policies that are in place to promote human rights etc for individuals with learning disabilities: The Disability Discrimination Act, The Human Rights Act 1998, The Health and Social Care Act 2012, The Mental Capacity Act 2005, there would also be policies and procedures that have to be adhered to within each setting for example Diversity and Equality, Confidentiality etc. (2) The influence that legislation and policies have on the day-to-day experiences of an individual with a learning disability and of their families is as follows i.e. covert discrimination; overt discrimination; harassment; rights; labelling; vulnerability; stereotyping; inclusion; prejudice; empowerment; abuse; opportunity and equality. Outcome 2 (1) The meaning of learning disability means i.e. ‘an incomplete or state of arrested development of the mind’, an individual with a learning disability will have significant impairment of intellectual function/social and adaptive.
Multiple birth babies are at increased risk of low birth weight because they are often pre mature. Moreover, excessive stress and victim of domestic violence or other abuse also may increase the risk of low birth weight. Babies who have low birth weight are more likely to have health problems than babies born normally. Many of the premature and low birth weight babies lack enough body fat to uphold a normal body temperature, and have medical problems. Some of the medical problems that infants with low birth weight have are that they have the risk of developing breath problems such as the respiration distress syndrome.
1.2 Explain how this legislation and policies influence the day to day experiences of individuals with learning disabilities and their families The influence that legislation and policies have on the day-to-day experiences of an individual with a learning disability and of their families is as follows i.e. covert discrimination; overt discrimination; harassment; rights; labelling; vulnerability; stereotyping; inclusion; prejudice; empowerment; abuse; opportunity and equality 2.1 Explain what is meant by ‘learning disability’ The meaning of learning disability means i.e. ‘an incomplete or state of arrested development of the mind’. An individual with a learning disability will have significant impairment of intellectual function/social and adaptive. Stages of learning disability can range from mild, moderate, severe and profound.
Such perspectives have parallels to, and challenges for, disability studies. This article considers such parallels and challenges, leading into a (re)consideration of research claims to represent children’s ‘voices’ and the current promotion of children’s participation as researchers. It concludes how research with disabled children encourages due account of multiple communication methods to access, analyse and present research, and being more reflexive about assumptions of competency, expertise and agency in the roles of researcher and research participant. Introduction Two decades ago, the ‘new’ sociology of childhood emerged out of a strong critique of the dominant child development and family studies paradigms. Leading theorists and researchers took insights particularly from sociology and social anthropology to argue for the social construction of childhood rather than normalised development, a respect for children and childhood in the present rather than a focus on adults and adulthood as the ‘gold standard’, and recognition of children’s agency and rights rather than perceiving them as passive and
Learning Outcomes The learner will: 1 Know how to recognise signs of abuse Assessment Criteria The learner can: 1.1 Define the following types of abuse: Physical abuse Sexual abuse Emotional/psychological abuse Financial abuse Institutional abuse Self neglect Neglect by others 1.1 Identify the signs and/or symptoms associated with each type of abuse 1.2 Describe factors that may contribute to an individual being more vulnerable to abuse Exemplification An individual will usually mean the person supported by the learner but may include those for whom there is no formal duty of care Factors may include: a setting or situation the individual © OCR 2010 1 Learning Outcomes The learner will: 2 Know how to respond to suspected or alleged abuse Assessment Criteria The learner can: 2.1 Explain the actions to take if there are suspicions that an individual is being abused 2.2 Explain the actions to take if an individual alleges that they are being abused 2.3 Identify ways to ensure that evidence of abuse is preserved Exemplification The actions to take constitute the learner’s responsibilities in responding to allegations or suspicions of abuse. They include actions to take if the allegation or suspicion implicates: A colleague Someone in
Davina Galloway PSY-241-FON02 Examine the research on low birth weight and explain the implications for early and later disease states as evidenced through correlational research. The implications for early and later disease have been improvably linked to low birth weight in newborns. Challenges to fetal development often result in low birth weight (LBW) or the condition known as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Controllable factors that contribute to LBW and IUGR are: * Lack of prenatal care * Late entry into prenatal care * Maternal periodontal (gum) disease * Inadequate maternal weight gain during pregnancy * Inadequate preconception and/or prenatal maternal nutrition * Maternal smoking during pregnancy * Exposure to second hand smoke during pregnancy * Maternal substance use during pregnancy About 1 in every 12 babies in the United States is born with low birth weight. Newborns develop many diseases in their early life because of their low weight.
Personal factors are factors that personally affect the child. These may include: • The child’s genetics. • Mother who smokes, uses drugs or alcohol, poor diet, anxiety and illnesses such as rubella. • What happens during birth – i.e. lack of oxygen to child etc.
Each substance can cause severe and permanent damage to children before and even after birth. Researchers have found that these substances can cause low birth weight, premature delivery, fetal alcohol syndrome, mental retardation, learning disabilities, stillbirth, miscarriages, and under developed limbs. Many babies born to mothers that have abused alcohol and drugs while pregnant are born addicted to the substance and go through withdrawal symptoms after being born. Some women are able to quit using these substances when becoming pregnant but many women are not and need professional help to quit. Pregnant women face many barriers when trying to get help for their substance abuse problems.
Understand the context of supporting Individuals with learning disabilities (LD 201) Outcome 2 - Understand the nature and characteristics of learning disability 2.1 Explain what is meant by ‘learning disability’ A learning disability is a reduced intellectual ability and difficulty with everyday activities such as socialising and money tasks. Sometimes a child or young person may have other diagnosed emotional or physical issues conditions. 2.2 Give examples of causes of learning disabilities * An inherited condition, meaning that certain genes passed from the parents affected the brain development * Chromosome abnormalities such as Down’s syndrome or Turner syndrome * Complications during birth resulting in a lack of oxygen to the brain * A very premature birth * Mother’s illness during pregnancy * The mother drinking during pregnancy, for example Foetal Alcohol Syndrome * A debilitating illness or injury in early childhood affecting brain development, for example a road traffic accident or child abuse * Contact with damaging material (like radiation) * Neglect, and/or a lack of mental stimulation early in life. (Reference: http://www.learningdisabilities.org.uk/help-information/learning-disability-a-z/l/learning-disabilities/) 2.3 Describe the medical and social models of disability A medical model of disability is the traditional way about how people with a disability and how they need help by doctors and other medical professions. The medical model puts a label on people with impairments and treats them as victims and patients and it prevents us from seeing the whole person.