For example, with postal questionnaires the researcher cannot be sure whether the respondent has actually received the questionnaire. In other words, it can be unsure whether a respondent or a family member or friend of the respondent has answered the questionnaire. This can affect the validity and reliability of the research as the views would have come from someone else who may not be part of the population that the researcher is studying. Sociologists may also choose not to use questionnaires when conducting research as they can be because the respondents may not always give full or truthful answers. The respondents could be embarrassed or shy and may provide socially desirable answers.
Physical Measurements and Properties: Essential Tools for Lab Objective: The objective of this laboratory experiment was to be able to measure different substances and determine its physical measurements and properties. Introduction: All surrounding us there are many different substances and those substances are identified according to its physical and chemical properties (Lab Manual). The field of chemistry and medicine involves being able to determine measurements as well as physical properties. These concepts play a major role in these professions. A part of making a measurement is distinguishing its unit, whether its inches, centimeters, liters, or meters.
122). In addition, secondary sources of data must be evaluated for scope, purpose, authority, and audience to determine its research relevance. There are numerous advantages of secondary data. Secondary data is inexpensive and easily accessible. Indexes, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and handbooks are easily located in libraries and via online catalogs.
Abstract This paper will focus on research studies, collection of data, analyzing data, human participants of research studies, selection of research candidates, and treatment of research participants. It will also compare the various methods of research and data collection. Lastly, report should help to answer the question, “What can researchers do to protect the rights and ensure ethical treatment of human participants in research studies?” ETHICAL TREATMENT OF PARTICIPANTS IN RESEARCH STUDIES Research administration and leadership directly help to serve the needs of researchers, scientists, research programs, instructions, and the public. Research can be classified as an encompassing profession that integrates all of the many arts and sciences that serves as the foundational make-up of research. When it comes to understanding the arts and sciences and creating and developing a research program, one must keep in mind the importance and concerns of the treatment of participants and ethical conduct.
The primary audience is the hospitals or clinic staff. Like the instructional document, the audience is dealing with medical research; however, the audience is explained as a problem for nurses or doctors doing blood transfusion. The secondary audience includes the patients and the upper-level managers of the hospital. September 22, 20172Possible external audiences include other scientists or people working for other hospitals or clinics that specialize in blood transfusion. Situational AnalysisThe context of the steroid pulse therapy document is mainly focused on medical research.
One advantage of being able to access such information so easily is the fact that you don’t have to rummage through mountains of paperwork or books to find what you are looking for. This is especially helpful for students or research assistants when completing assignments or papers. Another advantage is that easily obtainable information is convenient. People can find news or listen to their favorite song, access video clips and chat with their relatives or friends online all at the same time. It has made the world smaller and more connected than at any point in history, especially with the invention of iPads, iPhones, computers, and mobile devices.
Other users might include lawyers, employers, law enforcement and researchers. Government licensing agencies make policies that have been determined from the analysis of aggregate data gathered from medical records, in federal and state databases. Institutional users such as hospitals or clinics, depend on the Data Quality Management Model for adequacy and appropriateness of care determined by medical review organizations and the effectiveness of healthcare services reimbursement guidelines enabling the coding and billing departments to receive payments for their services. Research organizations use data to aid in experimental patient care and keep
Tests are administered in different settings. Tests are administered in high schools, hospitals, colleges, and agencies with different formats for each setting. The formats can include written, verbal or computer based. Since most of the mental ability test are objective and quantifiable, certain results are open to subjective interpretation. Assessment of achievement test, measure the function and cognitive level.
Had the subjects been informed of the study’s purpose, the question of ethics would be less ambiguous. Some would argue that the special conditions needed for this study required the lack of informed consent. Males in the study would perhaps behave differently had they known what the goal of the study was, or that they were even partaking in a study. Although this is a valid point, debriefing and the request of consent after the experiment were attainable and would have put together a more ethical and less questionable study. Various approaches could have been used to compensate for the lack of personal privacy and informed consent but were not.
Difficulty in getting a true random selection for sample means that researchers may end up with an opportunistic sample which may support their hypothesis better on the surface but is not a realistic cross-section of the population being studied (Hayes, 2000). Targeting convenience sample groups or dropping data that doesn’t agree with the direction of your study may not be ethical but is an potential way make data say what you want. Another possible weakness of quantitative research is that there may be a whole lot of information that could be being overlooked, while this missed information could enrich the study it could also be irrelevant – the problem is that the researcher may never know. Qualitative research does get this richness of data, the research has a level of depth that may not be acquirable