Viruses are infectious agents, often highly host-specific, consisting of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. Viruses are not alive, they cannot grow or multiply on their own and need to enter cell and take over the cell to help them multiply. Fungi – these are members of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeast and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. Fungi can be single-celled, multinucleated, or multicellular organisms. Although they are eukaryotes like plants and animals, the major difference is that fungal cells have cell walls that contain chitin, unlike the cell walls of plants, which contain cellulose.
Introduction: A cell is the basic unit of structure and functions of all living organisms. It can be thought of as a bag in which the occurrence of chemistry of life is allowed, separated from the environment outside of it partially. The essential part of the cell is the thin membrane surrounding it called plasma membrane which is controlling the exchange between the cell and its environment. The membrane is called partially permeable due to its nature of controlling only certain materials to diffuse across the cell and its membrane. ( Jones et al, 2014 ) A cell can be divided into two types of cell, animal cell and plant cell.
Changes in climate or introduction of a new species from elsewhere can greatly affect the balance of nature; some bacteria help to digest food, destroy disease causing cells, and give the body needed vitamins, bacteria are also used in making healthy foods like yogurt and cheese. Viruses are the connecting link of living and non-living things….. A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Most viruses are too small to be seen directly with a light microscope. Viruses infect all types of organisms form animals and plants to bacteria and archaea. All viruses have genes made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information, all have protein coats that protect these genes and some have an envelope of fat that surrounds them when they are outside a cell.
Fungi are Eukaryotes when compared to bacteria and fungi. One major difference is that fungal cells have cell walls that contain chitin unlike the cell wall of plants which contain cellulose. The chitin adds rigidity and structured support to the thin cells of the fungus. A parasite is an organism that lives on or inside another organism to the detriment of the host organism. 1.2 Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.
Outcome 1 Understand the cause of infection 1.Identify the difference between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Bacteria Bacteria is a single celled organism, bacteria have evolved to thrive in almost any environment and can be found in almost any substance/surface and also in the human body, only 1% of bacteria is actually harmful. It's bad or infectious bacteria that cause illness as they rapidly reproduce and produce a toxin that kills or mutates cells, bacteria is also self sufficient. Viruses A virus is a small capsule that contains DNA or RNA, viruses, unlike bacteria are not self sufficient and need a host in order to reproduce I.E a human body. When a virus enters the body, it enters some certain cells and takes over making the now host cell make the parts the virus needs to reproduce, the cells are eventually destroyed through this process.
Norovirus is transmitted faecal oral route and are passed from person to person contact, entering the body in food or water. Fungi is any member of a large group of organisms that includes micro organisms such as yeasts and molds and mushrooms. These organisms are classed as a kingdom. Fungi which is separated from plants, animals and bacteria. One major difference is that fungal cells have cell walls that contain chitin, unlike the cell walls of plants which contain cellulose and unlike the cell walls of bacteria.
For the cell membrane I chose to replace it with the police because the police protects and controls movement in and out of a city just like the cell membrane does in a cell. For the nucleus I chose to do a city hall. I chose the city hall because I feel that the nucleus is like the heart and brain of the cell which controls activities and so does a city hall for an actual city. Next, is the endoplasmic reticulum and to represent it I chose a train station. What the endoplasmic reticulum does is carry materials throughout the cell and so does a train in real life.
The layers have a space in between them called periplasmic space. The circular DNA lies freely in the cytoplasm (matrix of the cell) along with ribosomes(protein factory) and nutrient granules. The circular DNA (brain of the cell) is tied to the membrane, whereas, ribosomes are 70s which confirms its prokaryotic class. A loose capsule might be present covering the cell but not drawn over the diagram along with needles leaving the membrane as these are just suggested hypothesis. The virulence/ pathogenic activity comes from its genes, which trigger its satanic wishes of harvesting energy and reproducing via binary fission (budding off of daughter cells from parent cell).
Both animal and plant cells have a nucleus, they both go through cell division and both cells have the main organelles to complete protein synthesis. Plant cells can convert light and water into energy (photosynthesis), therefore animal cell cannot, a plant cell has a vacuole. This is a sac in which the cell stores water and nutrients which are later converted into energy. An animal cell has no vacuole as it does not make its own food and therefore does not need to store these nutrients in that way. A plant cell has chloroplasts.
Plant and Animal cells Introduction: Cells can be all shapes and sizes; they form the basic structure of the plant or animal. Cells also help living things stay alive, and each organelle in the cell has its own function. There are two main types of cells: Eukaryotic cells (cells with a nucleus), and Prokaryotic cells (cells without a nucleus). The aim of this report is to explain cell theory, to compare and contrast animal and plant cells. I will also include comparisons of the organelles to a factory to help better understand the works of a cell.