How far was the Paris Peace settlement the reason for the aggressive nature of German and Italian foreign policy in the 1930s? Germany and Italy had an aggressive foreign policy by 1930s. Both countries were angry because of The Paris Peace settlement and they wanted revenge. Although this settlement certainly caused an aggressive behavior in Germany and Italy, it was not the only reason. The nature of fascism itself was very aggressive and linked to the rise of dictatorships also increased the idea of revenge and violence.
After 1815 Italy was once again a mere geographical expression. Austria was to control a large part of Italy directly, that is, Lombardy and Venetia, and indirectly through the restored Bourbon Kings in some minor Italian states. Italian unification was once again frustrated ever the Risorgimento was quickly in advance. The explosion of Austrian power in Italy was the main problem which discouraged an early unification of Italy. Moreover, the general political atmosphere in Europe did not allow new concessions to Italian balance when the powers were concerned with maintaining the balance of power and to prevent the setting of French hegemony in Europe again.
After 1815 Italy was once again a mere geographical expression. Austria was to control a large part of Italy directly, that is, Lombardy and Venetia, and indirectly through the restored Bourbon Kings in some minor Italian states. Italian unification was once again frustrated ever the Risorgimento was quickly in advance. The explosion of Austrian power in Italy was the main problem which discouraged an early unification of Italy. Moreover, the general political atmosphere in Europe did not allow new concessions to Italian balance when the powers were concerned with maintaining the balance of power and to prevent the setting of French hegemony in Europe again.
Before 1815, Italy was ruled over by Napoleon and the country had a hugely influenced by France and it’s regimes. Many historians argue that the period of Napoleonic reign was the closest Italy came to recognizing itself as a country, with a nationalist spirit slowly developing. However, this spirit was crushed by Metternich at the Vienna Settlement. His desire was to restore the old pre-1976 order, imposing a Conservative settlement and therefore crushing any hopes of liberal or nationalist reforms across Europe. Some of the key aims of the Vienna Settlement were to restore the ‘legitimate rulers’, to maintain the ‘balance of power’ in Europe and indeed to place Austria in a position of control over Italy.
It is agreed by most, that Napoleon III, Napoleon Bonaparte’s nephew, was a key factor in the unification but the real debate lies within the question; was he a hindrance or a assistance? It was certain that Napoleon left his mark on Italy, involving himself immensely, but there is debate over how many states he affected in a positive way. On one hand, and very importantly, when talking about Lombardy’s annexation from Piedmont, there is no doubt that Napoleon played a large factor. Napoleon and Italian nationalist Cavour met at Plombieres were an agreement was formed. A war was planned between Austria and a mixture of French and Piedmontese troops, with a hope for victory in favour of Piedmont.
Second, Bismarck developed good relationships with numerous powers so that they would assist Prussia and help Bismarck to isolate its enemies. For example, Bismarck made an alliance, and the benefit was shown in 1870 when Italy refused to help France in the Franco-Prussian War. Thirdly, in the Schleswig-Holstein Affair, Bismarck pretended to be friendly with Austria and just get the two duchies. He succeeded in gaining support from the Germans in these 2 duchies. Lastly, Bismarck tricked Napoleon III at the meeting in Biarritz in 1865.
It has been argued for a long time if Germany is to blame for causing world war one. This essay will argue if Germany is responsible for the first world war which took part in 1914-1918. There can be different opinions to this question but it is hard to blame only one contry for such a big war. German government was very eager to rule the world and be part of the big countries in Europe, especially like Great Britain. This ruling is inadequate and can make the other countries aggressive and full of hatred.
The war was caused by grudges countries had held against each other from previous wars. Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy were the Triple Alliance. Britain, France and Russia were the Triple Entente (friendly agreement). These agreements meant that if ever war broke out you would help the country you are in agreements with. Germany was 30-40 years old and wanted to have a bigger empire and navy than Britain, which had the biggest empire and biggest navy out of all of the countries.
Growth of support for facism was a reason for Mussolinis appointment as Prime Minister,however there were many other reasons for Mussolinis appointment as PM, but growth of support was very important for him. The war and the mutilated victory, had an affect on Mussolinis appointment as PM. The main reason wad that the nationalists were bitterly disappointed that italy didn’t make any gains during the war. The nationalists claimed that Italy had been betrayed by the Liberal government, this shows that the nationalists might have wanted to overthrow the Liberal government and therefore supported Mussolini before he was appointed. This links into the title point that Mussolini had a wide support base and that it was growing.
Cavour Vs. Garibaldi The idea of nationalism dominated Western civilization during the period 1850 to 1871. Liberal ideas spread viciously from France and Britain throughout Europe. French reforms gave Italy an enormous motivation to reach liberalism. Eager to be freed from foreign domination, Italy underwent a series of political events which established the Kingdom of Italy in 1861 (1). The Italian Unification, also known as Risorgimento, was mainly lead by two important figureheads: Count Camillo di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi.