During this paper two case studies will be recapped, target behaviors will be identified, each case will be within a subject experimental design where the participant will serve as their own experimental control and for each case there will be a provided systematic approach to clearly identify the problem (in this case an appropriate, quantifiable target behavior that is in need of change). Case 1: Emily Emily is a 6 year old girl who was referred to me by her pediatric psychologist. Her challenges began when she began 1st grade; where she first told her parents she
Scientific Perspective of Child Development In the informative essay "Kiddy Thinks", Alison Gopnik enlightens readers on the role of childcare in the early stages of child development. The main objective of her writing is to compare babies and toddlers to scientists, stating they use knowledge they are born with to create thoughts, "I argue that very young children use the same strategies as scientists. They think, observe, formulate theories, make predictions then do experiments." (Gopnik, 237) She uses different examples throughout her essay to test this perspective. Gopnik first uses a personal experience to captivate her audience then proceeds to provide scientific evidence on the psychological abilities of children, beginning with newborn babies to toddlers about the age of four.
Assignment 5 Introduction In this assignment I am looking at a study of under privileged children, their environment and the link to their intelligence. I will also be looking at the Hypothesis of this study including definitions of the independent & dependant variables. Within the final section of this assignment it will give me the opportunity to analyse the experiment and express my own views in its findings. a) Is the Hypothesis of this experiment? I believe a hypothesis is a testable statement which can be verified or refuted Therefore in this case the Hypothesis is that if disadvantaged children of a pre-school age group were given environmental opportunities this would improve their intellect.
Bronfenbrenner first introduced the ecological theory in a comprehensive statement in 1979. Since then the theory itself has undergone some very substantial changes. The original theory focused mostly on a more separated conceptualization of the environment as a context of development in terms of successively nested systems ranging from micro to macro. The present, yet still evolving theory, now known as the bio ecological model, adds a new and equally important role within the development of the bio psychological characteristics of an individual person (Bronfenbrenner, 2000). Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory shows that a variety of environmental influences contribute towards the social and emotional development of people, for example, a child’s family, community, and their school will all contribute to the development of a child.
Running Head: BRONFENBRENNER ANALYSIS Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory of Development HS5002-Survey of Research in Human Development and Behavior Abstract This research paper explains and analyzes Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of development. It in detail describes each level: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. After reviewing the literature, the learner felt that it was the microsystem that was most influential on her life but that all levels played an important role in her becoming an adult learner striving for her master’s degree. The learner discusses different aspects of her life as a child that are relevant to different levels of the ecological theory and relates it to her decision to obtain a master’s degree as an adult. Development is defined as the orderly and sequential changes that occur with the passage of time as an organism moves from conception to death.
Environmental psychologist solves problems regarding human-environment interactions, whether globular or localized, and tries to predict the environmental conditions under which humans will act in a proper and constructive demeanor. Arousal theories dictate that an inverted-U relationship survive between operation and stimulation—meaning that the change of state increases so does functioning, but only up to a point (Arkkelin & Veitch, 1995). The arousal theory states that intermediate levels of arousal are best for neurological stimulation, noise levels, personal space, and physiological responses. Stimulus load theories examine the finite capacity of individuals to compute knowledge (Arkkelin & Veitch, 1995). A stimulus load theory proposes a theory of stance restriction to explain the fundamental phenomenon between stimuli and performance.
The Ecology of Human Development: Environmental Influences and Interactions Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Development HS 5003 Capella University March 8, 2009 The Ecology of Human Development: Environmental Influences and Interactions Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Development What has the psychological profession done to increase awareness of how we learn to understand what children need to develop into successful adults? Urie Bronfenbrenner developed theories that profoundly altered our understanding of how children develop throughout the life span. The purpose of this paper is to review research on how and what children need to develop into productive adults. Bronfenbrenner’s theory explains that interactions with others and the environment are important to development and we all experience more than one type of environment, including four distinct systems. The subsequent discussion offers an analysis of these levels and their influence to child development, and then the writer offers a personal analysis of the influence of the ecological theory in decision making.
I also declare that this assessment, nor parts of it, has not been previously submitted for any other unit/module or course, and that I have not copied in part or whole or otherwise plagiarised the work of another student and/or persons. I have read the ACAP Student Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct Policy and understand its implications. I also declare, if this is a practical skills assessment, that a Client/Interviewee Consent Form has been read and signed by both parties, and where applicable parental consent has been obtained. Communication and communication styles, verbal, non-verbal and written, are complex processes and has been described as being “circular and continuous, without end or beginning” De Vito (2007). We do both, at the same time, speaking and listening, questioning and responding in an interaction between us and others.
Discuss this statement in context of relevant developmental theory. | The aim of this paper is to examine the importance of ‘sensitive mothering‘(Ainsworth in Smith, Cowie & Blades, 2003) in the social and emotional development of children. Developmental theories, such as Bowlby’s attachment theory (Bowlby, 1988), Ainsworth’s research, Erik Erikson’s psychological stages of personality (and other relevant research will be discussed to create an understanding of how the bond between mother/primary caregiver and child is essential for a healthy mental and social development. Furthermore, research that considers how early attachment impacts on the social and emotional development of 3-5 year olds and adults will be determined. Mary Ainsworth and other intellects investigated the process of mothering and how it affects the child’s attachment towards the mother/caregiver.
This relationship between behavior and its consequences is the law of effect. B.F. Skinner agreed with this view and extended this to the experimental analysis of behavior. According to Thorndike, the possible consequences of behavior can either increase or decrease the likelihood of response. So Skinner created an experimental situation where he brought about systematic variations in the stimulus condition, causing different environmental conditions which would affect the likelihood that a given behavior would occur. To analyze behavior experimentally, Skinner developed operant conditioning procedures.