Two of the earliest forms of Cognitive behavioral Therapy were Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950s, and Cognitive Therapy, developed by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s. Cognitive Therapy Assumptions: • Abnormal behavior is caused by abnormal thinking processes • We interact with the world through our mental representation of it • If our mental representations are inaccurate or our ways of reasoning are inadequate then our emotions and behavior may become disordered The cognitive therapist teaches clients how to identify distorted cognitions through a process of evaluation. The clients learn to discriminate between their own thoughts and reality. They learn the influence that cognition has on their feelings, and they are taught to recognize observe and monitor their own thoughts. The behavior part of the therapy involves setting
PHILOSOPHICAL PRINCIPLES & KEY CONCEPTS Aaron T. Beck developed his approach known as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as a result of his work and observations with depressed clients. C.B.T. is based on fundamental assumptions that our thoughts can and do determine how we feel and behave in relation to events in our everyday lives and our environment. Beck contends that psychological problems or dysfunctional behaviour can occur as a result of faulty or distorted thinking and through engaging and employing C.B.T. techniques we can change or modify the way we think, to cause us to feel and act better even if our external situations and events do not change.
He designed and carried out a number of experiments to test psychoanalytical concepts of depression, he expected that research would validate his predictions, however the opposite was true, the research made him look at other ways to conceptualize depression. He worked with depressed patients and found that experienced streams of negative thoughts popped up spontaneously, he called these “automatic thoughts”, these were split into three categories, negative thoughts about themselves, the future and the world. Beck helped patients identify and evaluate these thoughts and when done so the patients could think more realistically and they felt better emotionally and behaved more functionally. He went on to explain different disorders were associated with different types of distorted thinking, this has a negative effect on our behaviour no matter the disorder. Beck believed that these frequent negative automatic thoughts revealed a person’s core beliefs and explains that core beliefs are formed over lifelong experiences and we feel these beliefs to be true.
The article also addresses the result of consistent failures in ego control. Ultimately, it was suggested that individuals with SUDs would reveal such failures across a wide range of behaviors and could be measured on a variety of psychological and behavioral tasks (Gottdiener, Murawski, & Kucharski, 2008). Freud states that people who experience painful events didn’t necessarily forget the traumatic event but repressed it into their unconscious meaning that Freud thought that the unconscious was both a cause and effect of repression. He proposed that the unconscious is divided into 3
Part I Different Therapeutic Approaches Listed below are the therapeutic approaches that can be taken in treating a client if the specialist in question assumes them. The client in question needs assistance for the extreme fear that prevents this person from functioning normally in relation to the opposite sex. Psychoanalyst As a psychoanalyst the expert will work on a number of assumptions like that this problem emanates from the clients unconscious thoughts and the fear that he portrays is as a result of hidden problems. In addition, the expert will assume that there concerns that were not addressed in the course of the growing of the client and that treatment will involve facing and dealing with these issues. The expert will let the client relax completely and give revelations of what he went through during his upbringing and what he dreams about.
He calls self-esteem, "the sociometer model." Poor interaction symptoms result from a person’s fear of societal rejection. According to Leary, increasing the person’s sense of belonging to a social group solves the problem. The group need not regard the person highly, they must simply include the person. Once this occurs, the patient’s symptoms begin to disappear and his self-esteem
Unresolved grief is generally grief which is either delayed and experienced long after the loss or distorted grief, in which the person may not feel emotions, but instead experiences other symptoms. Role disputes - Role disputes occur when the patient and significant people in his life have different expectations about their relationship. Role transitions - Depression may occur during life transitions when a person's role changes and he doesn't know how to cope with the change. Interpersonal deficits - This may be an area of focus if the patient has had problems with forming and maintaining good quality relationships. IPT was developed for the treatment of depression and its efficacy for this application is backed up by several large-scale randomized control trials.
depression, anxiety or schizophrenia. Mental illness and mental well-being can be affected by different things such as; relationships, employment or unemployment, bullying, money worries etc. Someone who is naturally a pessimist person can experience mental health more than someone who is more of an optimistic person, someone who has good mental well-being will take everything in their stride and see things very differently and take life as it comes. Mental health can affect anyone but someone who sees life in down way has more of a chance to have a mental illness such as depression. 2.
The psychodynamic approach evolved from psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, who considered that people’s behaviours are influenced by their motives or dynamics. Psychodynamics has three distinctive features or assumptions. That the difficulty a client is having has an origin in their childhood. Secondly, the client is not consciously aware of these affecting their motives and impulses, and lastly that it uses the interpretation of the transference relationship between client and councillor (McLeod, p.91). This essay will now consider these features in more depth.
The person may suffer with responses that are un appropriate in certain situations as well as the usual signs (rapid heartbeat, sweating and nervousness. Anxiety disorders include post-traumatic stress, obsessive compulsive disorder and phobias. Psychotic disorders - involve distorted awareness and thinking. People experience images and sounds that are not real. The ill people believe they are true despite being shown evidence.