Type I diabetes is where the pancreas does not produce insulin at all. In some instances people are called Type 1 ½. Type 1 ½ is when the pancreas still produces some insulin but not enough to cover what the body needs. The second form of diabetes is called Type II diabetes. Type II diabetes mainly occurs when an adult catches an onset of diabetes.
How does type 2 diabetes occur? Type 2 diabetes occurs when insulin is not used effectively by the body resulting in: Insulin resistance and Hyperglycemia In advanced stages, type 2 diabetes mellitus may lead to damage to insulin producing cells leading to insulin deficiency.Find tips to lead a healthy lifestyle, by eating well, keeping active, maintaining a healthy weight and monitoring your health. Sometimes diet and exercise are not enough to control Type 2 diabetes and you may need diabetes
Endothelial abnormalities are often the result of insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia, which are associated with diabetes mellitus (Chang, Daly and Elliot, 2006). Abnormalities in the endothelial tissue of the cardiovascular system can cause a build up of atherosclerosis, forming plaque and narrowing the lumen of the blood vessels (Johnson, 2008). Risk factors for atherosclerosis include type 2 diabetes mellitus (Johnson, 2008). If atherosclerosis is left untreated it can lead to a person experiencing a myocardial infarction (Johnson, 2008). Macrovascular disease is the primary cause of death in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Gardner and Shoback, 2007).
The insulin secretory capacity of the β-cell is augmented in an attempt to overcome this disturbance. Thus, an individual with impaired glucose tolerance or early diabetes mellitus (FBS-120 mg/dl) can secrete up to twice as much insulin as a normal person (FBS- 80 mg/dl) would. When, however, the fasting glucose level increases further, the β-cell can no longer maintain increased secretion of insulin. Thus further increase in the plasma glucose concentration is associated with a progressive decline in insulin secretion. Hence a diabetic person (FBS - 150mg/dl or more) will secrete an amount of insulin similar to that in a nondiabetic individual (18).
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious condition that can lead to diabetic coma (passing out for a long time) or even death. When your cells don't get the glucose they need for energy, your body begins to burn fat for energy, which produces ketones. Ketones are acids that build up in the blood and appear in the urine when your body doesn't have enough insulin. They are a warning sign that your diabetes is out of control or that you are getting
This is called insulin resistance. According to Wong Lai Teng, “Insulin resistance is caused by defective insulin receptors on the target cells.” She goes on to state, “Insulin resistance occurs in association with obesity and pregnancy. In normal individuals who are obese or become pregnant, the B cells secrete increased amounts of insulin to compensate. Patients who have genetic susceptibility to diabetes cannot compensate because of their inherent defect in insulin secretion.” In both types 1 and 2 diabetes will show signs and symptoms, although, in type 2 diabetes, they may not be apparent for some
The risk of diabetes type two is greatly increased by lifestyle factors such as; overweight, lack of exercise, poor diet and high blood pressure. http://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/Understanding-Diabetes/What-is-Diabetes/Type-2-Diabetes/#Managing Type 2 Diabetes. 2. a) What are the three main aims when treating Tom (a newly diagnosed diabetic). • Ensure Tom maintains a healthy low carbs, sugar free diet. • Encourage Tom to exercise more frequently.
Part One Diabetes Diabetes is a life-long disease. In our body, the components of food are broken down into glucose, which then the body uses as an energy supply. In a person with diabetes, the body struggles to breakdown the glucose. Insulin is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas to help the body to breakdown glucose into energy (ATP). Often people with diabetes have a very low amount of insulin or none at all, so their body is unable to breakdown the components.
(Brown and Edwards (2012) p. 1360. Insulin resistance caused by the receptor sites being unresponsive to the insulin especially in the muscle cells as well as the fat and liver cells. As the receptor sites for the insulin are not working the pancreas produces more insulin (homeostatic balance) to try and reduce the high blood glucose levels. These Beta cells become exhausted, and stop working effectively. Because the glucose cannot enter the target cells the liver produces excessive glucose to try and compensate resulting in high fasting blood glucose levels.
The level of glucose in your blood is controlled by insulin, a hormone made in the pancreas. Too little glucose, and your brain and other organs will not have the energy they need to function. Too much glucose in the blood can cause diabetes, which is a serious and growing health problem in the United States. Glucose is your body's main source of energy. It is obtained from your diet or your body can synthesize it from other chemicals.