Theme: Assess the view that throughout 1855-1964, Russian rulers opposed change. To assess this view it is important to consider a number of areas including the role of opposition, and backwardness and poor state of the country. Trotsky described war as a ‘locomotive of change’ and Russian involvement in war throughout the period meant that this was very much the case. Russian rulers were also to some degree reluctant reformers who were opposed to change as most changes throughout the period were forced upon them and were usually followed with restrictions, such as the Fundamental Laws reducing the impact of the Duma. This was probably due to their authoritarian ideology.
It it over-simplistic to state that opposition was successful or unsuccessful in Russia from 1855 and 1964. The effectiveness of opposition in Russia had to be evaluated according to the regime in power. For example, the opposition to Tsarism under Alexander II was unsuccessful as his assassination led to reactionary Tsarist rule for thirty six more years. However, the opposition under Nicholas II’s rule was highly successful, helping to lead to a communist government. All Russian governments in this period faced strong opposition to their regime with the period as a whole punctuated by riots, disturbances and revolutions.
Russia’s greatest naval base in Vebastapol had fallen to Russia’s western enemies and following the Treaty of Paris, a mission which was supposed to conquer the black sea area and take advantage of the weakness of the ottoman empire, resulted in Russia being pushed back and prevented from holding any Russian war ships in the Black Sea area during times of piece. The Treaty of Paris in 1956 also ordered that the Black Sea be made a neutral zone and this caused embarrassment in the people of Russia who feared Russia was beginning to lose its Prestige. The Intelligentsia and those part of the enlightenment began to question the effectiveness of the Serf army with many feeling that the army should be modernized and the enlisting program however this would require communication which due to sheer size of Russia, its lack of railways and technology in general proved issues and were also aspects put down for the war failure. Alexander II felt strongly that it was his duty to enhance
Triple Entente included the following countires: England, France, and Russia. Russia would end up leaving in the middle of the war due to its own problems and that’s when the United States would take their place. The other alliance was called Triple Alliance and had the countries Germany, Austria, and Italy and like Russia, Italy would end up leaving would take Italy’s place. So these are the countries that will end up fighting each other in this bloody war. Alright let’s talk about the 5 crises that lead to this war.
After this victory in Kazan, Ivan was not thought of as a boy anymore by his people and became known as Ivan the Terrible. The term 'terrible' was used to show the people's respect for Ivan as a leader. It is said that Ivan blinded the architect who he had construct the cathedral to be sure that no cathedral was ever built to look similar. Ivan suspected that Anastasia was poisoned and became obsessed with seeking out the culprits. He married six more times after this only for political advantages.
The First World War had a major effect of the Russians attitude towards the Tsar but a minor contribution to the decline and fall of the Romanov Dynasty. The Romanov Dynasty was destroyed as a result of various disastrous incidents and major mistakes made by the Tsar Nicholas the || himself. The First World War played a role in his abdication, but to a minor extent as they agitated the citizens to rise against the Tsar. Indeed the first world war had fundamental impacts upon the decline and fall of the Romanov dynasty some of these being the plummeting economy, lack of exports, and inflation. However, a major contribution to the fall of the Romanov Dynasty was the views of the Tsar in regards to the war.
World War 1 was the major factor which led to the collapse of the Romanov Dynasty and put an end to Tsardom in February, 1917. Without the war and the hardship and strain on the Russian economy and moral a revolution would not have happened at this point in time. This is not to say a revolution would not have eventually happened, as many of the ingredients needed were already present. However, what World War 1 did was to heighten the discontent throughout society enough for it to revolt the upper classes in society where annoyed because Nicholas II had left Russia to be ran effectively by Rasputin whilst he was away at the front line leading to bribery and corruption plaguing the Russian political system; the lower class in Russia where angered by the total war attitude of the
Milosevic’s vision of an ethnically pure Serb-dominated state understandably scared the other six regions (Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Vojvodina) of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, causing them to question their future in the Republic. Human rights violations occurred in many different forms, including curfews, forced relocations, rape, castration, imprisonment in concentration camps, and killings. There was a peace agreement called the Dayton Accords that was signed in December of 1995. The Accords ended the conflict in Bosnia and stationed 60,000 NATO troops to keep the peace. There have been other acts of genocide such as the Holocaust and the Rwanda genocide.
Second Anglo Afghan War Image 6: The Second Anglo-Afghan War On November 1875; the prime minister of Britain, Benjamin Disraeli, made Lord Lytton governor general of India. Lytton was mainly concerned with the relationship between India and Afghanistan. He was also concerned with the fact that there was great Russian influence in Afghanistan and wanted to take that away. Lord Lytton decided to launch the second Anglo Afghan war on November 21, 1878 with a British invitation. Shir Ali, the son of Dost Mohammad was forced to leave his capital and country.
A few years later, a crisis arose in the Balkans, as a result of which, the Dreikaiserbund was terminated. In 1877, the Russo-Turkish war broke out with Russia defeating the Turks in 1878. After fierce resistance, the Turks surrendered and signed the Treaty of San Stefano. By signing this treaty, Russia acquired greater influence in the Balkans. Nevertheless, Austria-Hungary did not accept this settlement but on the other hand Bismarck was eager to prevent a