Transport, Trade and Communication

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1|Page TRADE, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION 10th Geography TRANSPORT Transport is a system in which passengers and goods move form one place of another. Development of cheap and efficient means of transport is necessary for the progress of a large and developing country like India. Transport system is a very important link between production and consumption. Transport routes are basic economic arteries of the country. MODES OF TRANSPORTATION Transportation is generally divided into three modes-land, water and air. The land transport in turn consists of roads and railways. Water transport is divided into two types: (a) River or inland transport, (b) Sea or Oceanic transport the latest and the fastest mode of transport is air transport. ROADS Roads are important for transport of goods and passengers for short ad medium distances. They are relatively cheap and easy, both in construction and maintenance. Roads are built even in mountainous terrain. They connect fields with markets, factories with farms, and provide door-to-service. For transport of perishable commodities, roads provide better services than the railways. TYPES OF ROADS Depending upon their strength and make u[, roads are of the following two types: 1) Surfaced or Metalled Roads: Surfaced roads are made of cement, concrete or even bitumen o tar coal. Therefore, they are the best roads and are all weather roads. In the year 1998-99 India had 25.26 lakh kilometers of total road length out of which 14.59 lakh kilometers i.e., a little over 57 percent were surfaced and state highways are also surfaced to the tune of 97 percent. 2) Unsurfaced Roads: These are also known as unmettalled or kucha roads. They are mainly made of mu soil and rocks and primilarily serve the rural areas. These roads become muddy and are difficult to use during the rainy season. However, their importance cannot be minimized becausethey7
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