There are many different constructions and theories on personality which all have their own strengths and weaknesses and all of which try to offer an explanation to the differences in people’s behaviour. This essay will look at Hans Eysenck’s Trait Theory (1965) which is interested in measuring people’s personality through traits. According to this perspective, traits are stable over time and differ between individuals. We will also look at George Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory (1955.) He believed that people develop constructs as internal ideas of reality to help them understand the world around them and that the way the world is viewed is based on individual experiences, interpretations and observations.
When a person suffers with psychological distress, the way in which they interpret situations becomes skewed, which in turn has a negative impact on the actions they take. CBT aims to help people become aware of when they make negative interpretations, and of behavioral patterns which reinforce the distorted thinking. Cognitive Therapy helps people to develop alternative ways of thinking and behaving which reduce the psychological distress. Cognitive behavioral Therapy is, in fact, an umbrella term for many different therapies that share some common elements. Two of the earliest forms of Cognitive behavioral Therapy were Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950s, and Cognitive Therapy, developed by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s.
Compare and contrast the notions of contradiction in these two theories. 2) How does Mead's concept of the self in Symbolic Interaction Theory relate to an understanding of self in Relational Dialectics Theory? 3) Expectancy Violations Theory is primarily concerned with our expectations for other people's behavior, whereas Cognitive Dissonance Theory is concerned with our desire for consistency in attitudes and behavior. Show the relationship between the two theories using expectations, attitudes, and behavior as your overarching principles. 4) Discuss how the principles of Social Penetration Theory (SPT) and Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) overlap.
Explain the difference between the Sociological Imagination, as described by C. Wright Mills and common-sense explanations. Then through the use of examples show how each approach would explain one of the following topics. The sociological imagination and common sense explanations have contrasting ideas on many topics such as education success and failure and sexuality. In this essay I am going to discuss and explore both the sociological imagination and common sense and how each of these explains the concept of education success and failure. First of all I am going to explain what exactly the sociological imagination and common sense explanations are, and then go on to discuss how each justify educational outcomes.
Troy Janerio-Duporte Social Psychology Semester 1 Discuss and evaluate the theory and evidence relating to errors and biases in the perception of people and events. David Rutherford Discuss and evaluate the theory and evidence relating to errors and biases in the perception of people and events. Within this essay I will attempt evaluate the relevant theories and evidence relating to the errors and biases in the perception of people and events. In order to fully evaluate to essay title we must define the specifics of social perception, highlight methods of communication including non-verbal, accessing the importance of attribution and the theories surrounding it. I will also be looking at specific situations that affect the errors and biases in the perception of people and events.
Behaviourists want results, by which they can check measure and observe on the stimulus and the reacted response. McLeod, (2007) suggests humanistic, humanism and humanist are terms in psychology relating to an approach which studies the whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual. Essentially, these terms refer the same approach in psychology. This relates to the belief on genetics and the experiences we go through in life are different from each other. Through ‘ethics’
Abstract Psychology examines different areas of development for individuals, groups, and cultures. Psychosocial development is one concept found in psychology that examines the physiological and behavioral development of an individual. Individuals display respond differently to life experiences. The author will explore a case study and identify the psychosocial crisis present for the individual, family, or student. Upon reviewing the case study, the author will assume the role of a mental health counselor and apply lifespan theories to identify critical periods of transition for individuals involved.
A person’s personality can be influenced by other individuals who alter their self esteem negatively and place conditions of worth on the individual. The humanistic theory first came about in the early twentieth century; it was encouraged by the psychoanalytic tradition and the learning theories of personality. Two of the main theorists were Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers who were both educated in the psychoanalytic area however the researchers developed a new approach. Their approach was influenced by philosophical background. Humanistic theories focus on positive
UNIT 02: THEORY ESSAY There are several theoretical approaches to counselling, I will explain the key characteristics and concepts of the Humanistic theory, Psychodynamic theory and Cognitive-behavioural theory. I shall then summarise the key strengths and limitations of these main approaches. I will then explain the concept of the integrative model, followed by assessing the advantages and disadvantages of the integrative model. Finally I will explain the role of theory in relation to helping relationships. CBT is a combination of cognitive therapy, which examines unwanted thoughts, beliefs and cognitive processes and behavioural therapy which looks at the behaviour in response to those thoughts.
The paper will describe the role of personality in affecting situational behavior by comparing and contrasting both approaches. The paper will also examine the personality characteristics of each theory and explain the interpersonal relational aspects of each theory. Personality in Affecting Situational Behavior A person’s personality makes the person who he or she is. Theorists of personality tend to theorize that a person’s personality is unique to the person and is how the person acts or reacts to his or her environment. The differences in each person’s personality may lead one person to react to a situation differently then another person.