S7 also highlights the importance of the conscription crisis, which can be argued to be a result of British ignorance, or the manipulation and stirring up by the revolutionary party Sinn Fein which also had a key role in the conflict. Finally it can also be argued that other factors were involved, which allowed the Irish conflict to be triggered, such as the failure of Home Rule and the breakdown of the IPP particularly during the Ulster Crisis, and after the Easter Rebellion of 1914. To an extent, it can be argued that the main cause of the Anglo-Irish conflict of 1919-21 was nationalist extremism. Hepburn asses that 'their [extremists] first opportunity' arose during the Ulster Crisis, in events such as the Larne gun-running incident April 1914, which ultimately resulted a race between extreme nationalists and Ulster Unionists to become armed . The source describes how the extremists then spiralled
There are many ways that Gladstone’s First Ministry could be considered to be successful. Firstly, Gladstone had a passion to pacify Ireland, this was because he feared other countries would use Ireland as an invasion base to attack Britain. Also Irish nationalists called Fenians tried to seize power of churches, which lead to the ‘Disestablishment of the Anglican Church in Ireland 1869’ The terms of the act allowed the church to govern itself as it was no longer legally established by parliament. It was seen as so liberal it was radical and extended the principal of religious liberalism to Ireland. Another successful act passed involving Ireland was the ‘Irish Land Act 1870’ Tenants were now given compensation for eviction and there were limitations of landlord power, it was a step to improving Ireland, even though it was not as successful as the previous act, and had more opposition as Irish nationalists wanted British landlords to leave Ireland completely.
The terms of the Act meant the Church was disestablished and disowned, leaving it to govern itself. It would also be deprived of some of its property which would now be redistributed for education purposes/catholic churches. It was the most successful Irish Act ever and extended the principle of religious liberalism to Ireland. The Act was so liberal, it could be considered radical. As well as this, Gladstone also wanted to improve landlord and tenant relationships as the landlords could easily evict tenants randomly as it was a very unfair controlling system.
There were 3 resolutions put forward and the third one which was in relation to including Catholics in reform that was achieved was defeated. It was in response to the attitudes by the Dissenters that An Argument on Behalf of the Catholics of Ireland was written and published in 1791. This pamphlet which was one of the most revolutionary of his time had brought Wolfe Tone 'into immediate relations' with the principal Catholic leaders in Dublin. The document was aimed at the Ulster Dissenters. Tone wanted to convince the dissenters that they along with the Catholics had but one common
Task: “Luther was both a revolutionary and a conservative.” Evaluate this statement with the respect to Luther’s responses to the political and social questions of his day. During the 16th century, the Catholic Church was seen as corrupt because of certain practices such as indulgences. This corruption, lead many people to stand up against the Church, and this began The Protestant Reformation. One of the most influential people of this time was Martin Luther. Martin Luther’s responses to political and social questions during this time were often either revolutionary or conservative.
Roman Catholicism was the Christian religion of England until the Reformation, with the introduction of Protestantism and establishment of the Church of England in the sixteenth century. Against this background, we explore to what extent these aspects had on tradition during the nineteenth century, when English Christianity experienced a mixture of expanding dissent and renewing tradition. It may be argued that the Catholic minority considered they were guardians of authentic tradition. Many events during the nineteenth century influenced restoration of Catholic traditions. There was an influx of Catholic immigrants, especially from Ireland.
Elton – Cromwell architect of tudor revolution in govt 1536 – dissolution of monasteries – transferred property to crown, improved royal finances & gained favour and support by selling off church lands to gentry and nobility. Direct link to papacy showing loyalty to authorities outside England. Intro of protestant ideas further undermined respect for papacy and helped justify and maintain break with rome
By 1536 the Royal Supremacy in church and state was established and widely accepted, allowing Henry to exert his power more thoroughly, and ultimately creating a revolutions the king could take full control of the kingdom. Although Cranmer took the lead in theological debates, it was in fact Cromwell who shaped the new church. In 1536 Cromwell was appointed Vicegerent in Spiritual, and along with introducing his Protestant ideas, which further undermined the respect for the papacy and helped to justify the break with Rome. Cromwell’s careful follow-on of events, such as the valor ecclesiasticus and, ultimately, the break with Rome,was vital in the construction of Henry as the centre of both Church and Country, ultimately showing that Cromwell was more than significant in creating a revolution in the way of Tudor government. Administrative changes also played a role in the creation of the new government, and Cromwell was the man behind many of these, seeking to reform and
How far do sources 1,2 and 3 suggest that the main obstacle to solving the Irish national problem was religion? Source 1 is from the Fenians who were extreme nationalists and Catholics meaning the source is going to be bias from the Catholic point of view. It was issued in 1867 the same year Gladstone came to power. The source begins with a quote ‘An alien aristocracy seized our lands and all material wealth and trampled on our rights and liberties’. This source tell us that the Irish believed the English Protestants had no reason to be in Ireland and the only reason they were there was as an oppressive power.
How is the growth of Sinn Fein, from fringe revolutionary organization to provisional government, best explained? The growth of Sinn Fein from a fringe revolutionary organization to a provision government can be put down to a multitude of factors, including tactics taken, its anti-war stance, its association with the Easter Rising and the poor policies of the British Government. These allowed the organization to play the rest of Great Britain and Ireland and ultimately raise national consciousness for themselves, and consequently becoming and provisional government. The tactics employed by the Sinn Fein movement was vital in their growth to becoming a provisional government. The act of tactical and dubious voting was an essential part of the tactics used by Sinn Fein to sustain growth into a substantial political group.