At constructive boundaries where plates are moving apart from one another, basaltic lava is erupted between the gaps. This type of lava is not very viscous due to its low silica content. This is because no subduction of crust is involved so the lava is not made of melted lithosphere but has risen from the mantle itself. The low viscosity of this lava causes it to flow very far before cooling and solidifying. This forms shield volcanoes with very gentle slopes and a much wider base than more conical shaped volcanoes involved with convergent plate margins.
a) Suggest reasons why these earthquakes had such varied consequences. The earthquakes had such varied consequences because different countries can respond better then others and are more prepared for disasters. Some countries are more economically developed in such a way they are able to have earthquake resist building to this extent they don’t fall over and cause more damage to the area or kill people. Also timing is a big issue due to if an earthquake occurs at night-time most people are sleeping there are less people are out at night so this will be more save to be in your house. Countries that are more developed are usually prepared for the earthquake to occur because warnings around the area go out to make sure everyone knows that an earthquake is going to occur.
Wisner, Blaikie and Davis (2004) argue that "disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability,” meaning that in unpopulated areas hazards can not become disasters as there is no vulnerability (Quarantelli 1998). Without humans being involved, tsunamis are nothing but giant waves; they may modify areas of deserted land and destroy coral reefs but that does not make them disasters. Tsunamis become disasters when humans are involved; when their lives are at risk, their homes are destroyed, their livelihoods are lost etc. In addition, the economic loss caused by tsunamis could also largely effect the country as a whole. This essay will address the factors that affect the quality of human life in the 2011 Japan and 2004 South Asia tsunamis, and what made them become two of the word's biggest disasters.
In theory, this is easier for MEDC’s due having more advantaged technologies and more money available to spend on monitoring the ‘danger zone’ and then warning and planning for the hazard. However in some situations it isn’t the primary effects of the earthquake or eruption that have the greater impact, therefore not even MEDC’s can plan for it. For example in the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption in Iceland, it was not the primary effects that caused problems, it was the ash cloud which was produced after the event. The Icelandic volcano, Ejajjallajokall, affected many people around the world, both wealthy and poor. The cloud caused problems for all over the world, which lead to most of the airspace to be closed.
This path took in a large, built-up and very populated part of the UK which exacerbated the damage caused. Synoptic chart - 2) Environmental impacts - An estimated 15 million trees were uprooted, countless more were damaged in the few hours that the Great Storm, with winds recorded at speeds in excess of 160 km/h (100mph; 86 knots) wreaked havoc across woodlands and plantations. At Toys Hill, the highest point in Kent, about 98% of the woodland - including many veteran beech trees that had adorned the hillside for centuries - was lost. Copperas Wood nature reserve in Essex lost almost three-quarters of its ancient woodland, which primarily consisted of coppiced sweet chestnut and hornbeam. Human impacts – Many buildings collapsed, 18 lives were taken and caravan parks were wrecked.
From 1861 to 1865, approximately 620,000 soldiers' lives were cut short, not to mention the 50,000 civilian lives that were also claimed. Soldiers lost during that time exceeded the combination of soldiers lost from the Revolutionary War, both World Wars, the Korean War, the Mexican War, and even the Spanish-American War. In comparison to today's population, six million people would die in four years or two percent of our population. The impact of death on the human capital grew in importance. It became familiar in fact, a part of daily life for Americans at that time.
About 4,000 people who lived there were evacuated by boat. The town of Futaleufu, with about 1,000 residents, was also evacuated. Smaller communities to the southeast such as Chubut and Rio Negro also received heavy ash falls. The ash plume was so thick in some parts of Argentina that schools, highways and airports were forced to close. Indeed, Chaitén was a major concern to both the airline industry and the neighbouring country of Argentina.
Fallujah once known as the City of Mosques, had 60 of it’s over 200 mosques destroyed. Many of these mosques had been used as arms caches and weapons strongpoint’s by Islamist forces. Of the roughly 50,000 buildings in Fallujah, between 7,000 and 10,000 were estimated to have been destroyed on the offensive and from half to two-thirds of the remaining buildings had notable damage. Around 6000 civilians died throughout this operation. Over a quarter of the city was destroyed, 200,000 people were displaced and had to find a new home elsewhere within
The resulting nuclear winter would occur causing the aforementioned minor ice age event, but it is the lack of radiation that prevents this from being a possible answer. This lack of radiation is also how we can excuse a massive nuclear war as the culprit. Though it may be a popular theory for the cause it would take a minimum of 100 accurately placed, Hiroshima sized, nuclear explosions to cause a nuclear winter. This would cause enough radiation to be released that human life would be nearly impossible regardless of other forces such as climate and
This rapid spread greatly effected Europe in the 14th century. The most pressing issue caused by the Black Death was the large number of deaths and the rate at which they were occurring. The death tolls varied from place to place in Europe, and an exact number of how much all together was killed is unknown. However, historians estimate anywhere from 75-200 million people died from the plague within the span of 4 years. In some cities as many as 500-800 people would die daily by this disease.