To What Extent Does the Time in Which Writers Live Influence Their Response to Enduring Human Concerns? Discuss with Close Reference to the Great Gatsby and Barrett Browning's Poetry

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Responses to enduring human concerns are greatly influenced by composers’ personal, social and historical contexts. Both Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Victorian Era collection Aurora Leigh and Other Poems and F. Scott Fitzgerald’s 1926 American novel The Great Gatsby portray the themes of mortality and spirituality. However, through the act of construction, these notions are portrayed in contrasting ways which respond to and challenge the time in which they were composed. Thus through the comparison of Barrett Browning and Fitzgerald’s treatment of similar content, the extent to which the composers’ context influence their texts is exemplified. The selected sonnets from Aurora Leigh and Other Poems simultaneously conform with and challenge Barrett Browning’s context through the theme of mortality, and the notion that love transcends death. The concept of death is prominent throughout Barrett Browning’s sonnet sequence, and draws parallels to the excessive mortality that occurred within both the Victorian era and Barrett Browning’s personal context. However, Barrett Browning challenges her time by contrasting death and love, and overcoming the Victorian era’s fear of death by suggesting that love transcends death. In Sonnet I, Barrett Browning depicts conflict between death and love, setting up this theme for the remainder of the sonnet sequence and foreshadowing that death is to be conquered by love. Barrett Browning manipulates direct speech and colour symbolism in the passage “Guess now who holds thee? – ‘Death’ I said. But, there, the silver answer rang, - ‘Not Death, but Love’” in order to personify Death and Love, emphasised through dramatic use of punctuation and dashes. A clear shift is depicted through the emphatic and passionate tone of Sonnet XXI, in which Barrett Browning presents a lack of fear of ageing, contradictory to attitudes of her time.

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