As a result there are a variety of theories of personality which try to describe the cause and effect of the human personality. This essay will briefly compare and contrast two of these theories which include the psychoanalytic and humanistic theories of personality. It is important to have an in-depth understanding of the various types of theories with respect to personality because such a discourse enables psychologists to discover more about social behaviours in daily life (Fiske et al, 2010; 365). Both theoretical viewpoints, while being substantially different from each other, do share some common comparisons as we shall examine below. Psychoanalytical theories of personality stress the individual’s unconscious motivations which can be identified through dreams, slips of the tongue and fantasies (McCrae & Costa, 2003; 21).
In analyzing as well as comparing the humanistic and biological approaches to personality one can result to difference in opinions. Abraham Maslow did study the development of personalities based on the human needs. His needs hierarchy portrays the influence of human needs to formations of peoples’ unique and individual personalities. There are some biological factors which does influence formation of one’s personality which usually plays a major role. Through reviewing the relationships that are there between Maslow’s theory and biological factors we will be in a position to see some focused similarities as well as its upcoming.
Corporeal, ethical, socio-emotional verbal and reasoning each of these issues makes up the creation of the individual character. Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Classifying personality can proposal several senses, this can clarify, and describes a person’s character. First imitations can recognize a person by his or her character telling the person as delightful, conceited, controlling, or regulatory. People have numerous flanks of what makes him or her sole, what that incomes are other issues make up a person’s character. Another way of watching an individual character is by social designs a person may show, from child growth.
To sum it up, Loevinger’s theory tells us how we organize contents in our mind. The first stage, stage I-2, which is impulsive, includes manifestations such as being impulsive, egocentric, dependant, and having bodily feelings. These are all categorized under three different categories being impulse control, interpersonal mode, and conscious preoccupations. The second stage is Delta self protective which has an impulse control of opportunistic. This stage also has a interpersonal mode of manipulative and wary.
However, it is expected that negative experience with one personality trait will result in negative anticipations of other personality traits. This definition of the implicit personality theory by Hays (1958) is supported by Schneider (1973). He defines implicit personality theory as the inferences that people draw of others‟ personality on the base of a few central personal characteristics. Through the years definitions of implicit personality have been modified and added. The most used and well-known definition is that of Ashmore and Del Boca (1979)3 as cited in for example Eagly et al.
Provide examples of each in your response. Physiological needs are referring to the sympathetic nervous system responding from the arousing or preparing the body for action from the nervous system brain. The need influences the number of different antigenic determinants with, which a single antibody molecule can combine for the incentive that satisfies and for the need to become a goal. The goal concerns with affiliation and intendancy. Psychological needs are referring to the reaction associated with the energetic arousal of the levels of tense associated with negative and unpleasant situations.
42.). Humans have an intrinsic desire to predict things; and to effectively interact with our world we must expect certain things to happen based upon the physical and social interactions we encounter. The construct of personality is the observed regularities in cognitive, affective and behavioural responses in various settings. Variation in a construct such as personality causes individual differences in response to real life experiences. In this essay, we look at whether the construct of personality is a realistic idea and whether personality traits truly exist as it is difficult to measure a theoretical concept accurately.
Identify the difference between attitude formation, stereotyping, and prejudice and evaluate the likely success of at least two methods of reducing prejudice In this essay I am going to analyse the likely success of two methods of reducing prejudice throughout this essay, these methods are the Jigsaw Technique (Aronson et al. 1977) and the Robbers Cave (Sheriff et al 1961). Firstly going to identify the difference between attitude formation, stereotyping and prejudice. Attitude formation is how our attitudes are formed from both our own experience and emotional reactions. It was first suggested by Allport (1954) that attitudes contained three main components which are the affective component, behavioural component and cognitive component.
It will outline what is considered inappropriate or appropriate correlating to the two matters. The focus of behaviour therapy is to modify undesirable behaviours in people. Behaviour is defined as something that is measurable and apparent which then helps in the process of dealing with the change for behaviour (Baer, Wolf, & Risley, 1968; as cited in Alberto et. al., 2006). Evidence has suggested that behavioural characteristics can stem from the persons environment, however, also have some hereditary basis as certain behaviours may result from excesses or deficiencies in the body.
It will be argued that no particular concept of normal personality is more appropriate than the other, and that a combination of the concepts would be a favourable alternative to what may be an indefinable concept. Word Count: 146 Normal Personality: A Critical Evaluation of Different Approaches in Psychology According to Wachbroit (1994), the three main approaches to normality in personality theories are “the statistical concept... evaluative concept...and the biological concept.” (p. 579). This essay will examine the concepts aforementioned and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach within particular personality theories in psychology. ‘Normality’ has