To What Extent Can Preparedness and Planning Mitigate the Effects of Volcanic Hazards?

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A volcanic hazard is a threat to life, infrastructure or the environment as a result of volcanic activity and related phenomena such as landslides, lahars and pyroclastic flows. Preparedness and planning are both important factors when it comes to reducing the impact of such hazards. However, there are other factors which are also important, such as the nature of the event, the vulnerability of the surrounding area and the economic status of a country. Monitoring is an aspect of preparedness, monitoring a volcano helps to determine when an eruption will occur and therefore it is helpful to have this technology so that the correct responses can be made. Ideally, i believe that every country should have access to this technology in an attempt to mitigate the effects of volcanic hazards, but it is only really available to MEDC’s - where most of the time it has helped to cause less damage and fewer casualties. A good example of a well monitored volcano is Mount etna in Sicily, which erupts almost every year, and since it is in a developed country, efforts are always made to reduce the impacts of these eruptions. Etna is gas monitored, measured for seismic activity (there are 68 seismic sites on the volcano) and thermal imaging is also used to predict upcoming eruptions. This means that the appropriate actions can then be taken to control the eruption, such as in 2002, where lava flow was diverted and areas evacuated to cause minimal damage. Catania airport was also closed down as a precaution and this helped minimise the disruption/panic too. This was successful as very few lives were lost. When we compare Mount Etna to a volcano in a LEDC, such as Nevado Del Ruiz, which is not monitored at all, we see how important this can be. People were not given warnings early enough prior to the eruption because it wasn’t monitored as Colombia was very poor at the time at
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