CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS: After successful extraction of phospholipids from their source analysis can be performed for the detection of specific phospholipids. This section will discuss chromatographic methods used for the analysis of phospholipids. All systems of chromatography consist of a stationary and mobile phase. A monster placed on a stationary phase, i.e., a solid or a liquid, and the mobile phase, a gas or a liquid, is allowed by modifying the system. The components of the sample will be separated on the basis of their ranging physical and chemical properties, imparting different affinities for the two phases.
Distillation is used to purify a compound by separating it from a non-volatile or less-volatile material. When different compounds in a mixture have different boiling points, they separate into individual components when the mixture is carefully distilled. The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid phase of a compound equals the external pressure acting on the surface of the liquid. The external pressure is usually the atmospheric pressure. Different compounds boil at different temperatures because each has a different, characteristic vapor pressure: compounds with higher vapor pressures will boil at lower temperatures.
Decant(ing): Decanting is a way of separating a solid from a liquid. We can carefully pour a liquid from a solid, provided the solid is quite dense and resides on the bottom of a container. The easiest way to accomplish this is to hold a glass stir rod against the lip of the container containing the solid and liquid, and gently pour the liquid down the stir rod into a new container. Extraction: Extraction is a way to separate two components with different solubilities, that is, extract one chemical from another. Extraction relies on a principle called serial dilution.
Explain your answer. Water itself is an example of a homogeneous mixture. It often contains dissolved minerals and gases, but these are dissolved throughout the water. Is isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) a heterogeneous or homogenous mixture? Explain your answer.
An example of use is cleaning compounds of impurities, where different solvents work as a molecular filter that interacts differentially with compound and impurities respectively. In the end of the process, impurities become physically separated from the now pure compound, facilitating further transferring and further repurification / extraction if needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acetanilide tert-butyl methyl ether p-tert-butylphenol p-toluic acid 0.5M NaHCO3 3M HCL 0.5M NaOH NaSO4 anhydrous Separatory Funnel Buchner filter paper Sand Bath Microspatula Disposable Pipet heated plate boiling chips support stand Pasteur pipets with latex bulb test tubes (2) utility clamp watch glasses weighing paper melting pint capillary tubes thermometer EXTRACTION •Dissolve acetanilide, p-toluic acid, and p-tert-butylphenol in t-butylmethyl ether •Extract p-toluic acid from the ether layer with NaHCO3 solution •Extract p-tert-butylphenol from the ether layer with NaOH
6.How is a colloid distinguished from a solution or a suspension? A solution is transparent, in comparison to a colloid or suspension, which appears to be milky colored. 7.What are the basic physical principle that chromatography is based upon? Chromatography separates components of a mixture based on how quickly different molecules dissolved in a mobile phase solvent move along a solid phase. 8.How can distillation be used to prepare pure water from tap water?
The dissolving process involves a consideration of the relative strength of three intermolecular attractive forces. The type of forces between solute-solute molecules and solvent-solvent molecules must be considered. These intermolecular attractions must be broken before new solute-solvent attractive forces can become effective. A solute will dissolve in a solvent
A binding material can be separated by dissolving the tablet in ether since three active ingredients are soluble. Then, aqueous K2HPO4 and KOH are used to extract the ether solution with the conjugate base of the Aspirin layer and the conjugate base of the Acetaminophen, respectively. The caffeine can be isolated from the left over layer by evaporating the ether. Two separated solutions form solid by acidifying with HCl and the solid residue can be collected by vacuum filtration. According to the Revell's lab experiment, aspirin, acetaminophen, caffeine recoveries are 60% or higher, <10% and <5%, respectively.
1) Jeffrey Cox CHE111-DL01 Lab number 10 Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction 2) Purpose/ Intro. In this lab we will be able to calculate the actual, theoretical, and percent yield of the product from a precipitation reaction. We will thusly learn the concepts of solubility and the formation of a precipitate. A precipitate reaction is a reaction in which soluble ions in separate solutions are mixed together to form an insoluble compound that settles out of the combined solution as a solid. The solid then is the insoluble compound, called a precipitate.
Additional info b). Additional info b. Explanation 2. Point (parenthetical documentation) a. Explanation b.