Today, we know that cold also changes how fast the nerves send messages. It lowers the metabolic rate and blood flow in the treated area, and it relaxes the muscles. There are many ways to apply cold to an injury. Some use a simple cold pack, others apply ice directly to the area in a circular motion called "ice massage". (Ingraham 2007) Athletic trainers and physical therapists may recommend an ice bath.
In redox reaction, one element or compound is reduced and gains electrons, while on the other hand, the other element or compound is oxidized and loses electrons. For this lab, through the given oxidation and reduction numbers from balancing the equation and the electrons, it was shown that Manganese was reduced while Iron was oxidized. Also from the equation, the movement of electrons can be noticed, as it was added or subtracted from the substances. In order to balance an equation, there must be same number of elements on both sides, with the exception of hydrogen and oxygen. From there, in order to balance oxygen, water molecules are enumerated to the opposite of the equation/reaction.
Molecules at higher temperature have more thermal energy. Introduction Chemical Kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the study of rates of chemical processes. Chemical kinetics includes investigations of how different experimental conditions can influence the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information about the reaction’s mechanism and transition states, as well as the construction of mathematical models that can describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction (Clarke, 1974). Chemical kinetics deals with the experimental determination of the reaction rates from which rate laws and rate constants are derived. Relatively simple rate laws exist for zero-order reactions (for which concentration rates are independent of concentration), first-order reactions and secondorder reactions, and can be derived for others.
It is useful at predicting reactant and product quantities through a reaction. There is enthalpy, Hess’s Law and is related to thermodynamics. It is applied in the real world by adding ice to water, burning fuel for a vehicle, and when power plants pump water into their machinery to keep them cool and not overheat. 2.In an insulated container, you mix 200g of water at 80°C with 100g of water at 20°C. After mixing, the temperature of the water is 60°C.
Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the Activation Energy of the Hydrogen Peroxide-Iodide reaction. This was found by measuring the rate at which the reaction occurred and plotting this against the natural log of the number of moles of hydrogen peroxide remaining to find the slope. The reaction is carried out in a Potassium Iodide solution, which serves as a catalyst to the reaction. A catalyst is a chemical which increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed. Catalysts operate by decreasing the value of the activation energy for the reaction.
Hypothesis If I put the magnet in the freezer, it will be stronger than the hot and room temperature magnet because when magnets are chilled they have less kinetic in the magnetic molecules allowing a more consistently concentrated magnetic field until it returns back to room temperature. Variables Control variables- Size of magnet, size of paperclips Independent variable - Temperature of magnet Dependent variable - Strength of magnet(# of paperclips picked up) Background Research Magnets are used in our daily lives and are used every day from magnets on your fridge to compasses. Compasses
Some commonly used radioisotopes are Americum-241, Californium-252, Carbon-14, Colbalt-60, and Xenon-133. Americum-241 is used in many smoke detectors for homes and businesses. It is also used to measure levels of toxic lead in dried paint samples and to ensure thickness in rolling processes like steel and paper production. Californium-252 is used to inspect airline luggage for hidden explosives. Carbon-14 is used in biological research, agriculture, pollution control, and archeology.
Specific Heat Lab BACKGROUND Calorimetry is used to determine the heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction. . Specific heat is the amount of energy, measured in joules, needed to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance one Celsius degree. An important tool needed to figure out specific heat is a calorimeter. The calorimeter was designed in 1780 by a chemist named Antoine Lavoisier with help from a mathematician by the name of Pierre Simon de Laplace.
According to the Le Chatelier’s principle, if a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature, volume, or partial pressure, then the equilibrium shifts to counteract the imposed change and a new equilibrium is established. In this experiment, the effect of temperature change on the equilibrium position of the above chemical equation by comparing the state of the reacting mixture when it is in high temperature and low temperature. As the ∆H>0, the increase of temperature would expected to shift the equilibrium to the right. Procedure: 1. Using a measuring cylinder, pour 20 cm3 of 0.01M saturated cobalt (II) chloride solution at 0℃ and pour about 100 cm3 of deionized water to a 250 cm3 beaker.
AIM/ OBJECTIVE In this experiment, bomb calorimetry will be used to determine the heat of combustion (heat that the fuel gives off over a certain amount of time when it’s ignited). Determine the Calorific Value of the fuel used and show how the practically determined value compares to the theoretical calculations and industry standards 2. THEORY A bomb calorimeter is a sealed container capable of holding several atmospheres of gas pressure. It measures the enthalpy of reaction by carrying out the combustion reaction under constant volume conditions. This exothermic reaction increases the temperature inside the bomb, which then transfers the energy to the external water jacket raising the external temperature.