Theory X and Y

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Literature review essay - McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y styles of management The Human Side of Enterprise (1960) introduced Douglas McGregor’s groundbreaking theories of management and social styles in the workplace. Whilst Theory X and Theory Y were initially suggested in the early 60s they are still reflected in many organisations today. Theory X suggests that humans are generally disinterested and unenthused in relation to work and are unable to accomplish self direction and behavior based on initiative (Kopelman, RE, Prottas, DJ & Davis, AL 2008). In stark contrast Theory Y is based around the principals that workers are not fundamentally lazy but are in fact capable of self control and direction in conjunction with the contribution of innovative ideas and creative input within an organisation. Today McGregor’s theories may still be observed in many workplaces, but in the majority of cases, a healthy combination of both is applied, as discussed in further paragraphs, along with the contrast of the theories and the basics of the theories themselves (Fisher, EA 2009). Theory X states that humans have a loathing for general work practices and do not have to ability to act responsibly and in a trustworthy manor. Theory X suggests that a persons reasons for working are based on their economic self interests alone. Managers in this situation rely on rewards to motivate and punishments to discourage undesirable behaviors. Managers are also often looking for mistakes in the workplace as they have significant doubt in their abilities and reliability. Theory Y of management according to McGregor presents work to be a natural instinct for humans and something that generally, an act we wish to engage in. Humans are seen to be of a logical nature with the ability to work with innovation and imagination. These styled managers trust their employees and their
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