Many zooplanktons are also ectothermic which means temperature can highly affect metabolism and growth (Jalal et al., 2013). Studies on earlier plankton have shown that temperature plays a significant role in many of their swimming behaviors (Ziarek et al., 2011). There are many types of plankton in aquatic habitats, but one of the most profuse types is Daphnia. Daphnia are excellent organisms to use in experiments because they are sensitive to change, are simple and are inexpensive. They respond quickly to a change in environment because they are such tiny organisms.
After the algae accumulate, it dies, decomposes and depletes the oxygen in the ocean creating a dead zone. Natural elements of climate, weather and change in wind circulation also cause changes in algae growth. In the spring months increased rain, water flow and sunshine increase this algae growth. In the fall tropical storms and hurricanes break up the algae and the cycle repeats again. The largest human cause of dead zones is nutrient run off from abundant use of fertilizers, animal waste and sewage.
Explain why the work of Robert Koch was so Important? (7 Marks) Koch discovered and developed what Pasteur did not. Using Germ theory, he discovered the germ that caused Anthrax, a disease that affected animals as well as people. This was a phenomenal breakthrough as this was the first time that a specific germ had been identified, this then 100% proved Pasteur’s theory, which then left a wide door open for many more scientists to investigate and discover other specific bacterial germs that were damaging to the human body. The reason this makes Koch so important is because if he hadn’t investigated Anthrax using Pasteur’s theory, the germ theory may never have caught on leaving people to believe false theories for much longer.
Phytoplankton populations have also been affected by the warming temperatures in the ocean. Phytoplankton play a role in the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic carbon, and since the rising temperature of the ocean has caused a decrease in the phytoplankton population, higher carbon dioxide levels endanger other marine life, like the coral reefs mentioned earlier. Callum Roberts, a professor at the University of York, explains the importance of marine life by stating that, “They are essential to the health of the oceans and the well-being of
The first example is the prophylactic us of antibiotics in fish farms. This has led to more resistance bacteria strains which can transfer resistance to human pathogens. This in turn has promoted the evolution and spread of genes that are resistant regardless of their origin. Although the use of antibiotics by humans is not the only reason for the resistance problems, you can find strains of antibiotic resistance in fungi and bacteria that are in the soil. Our pets are reservoirs for carrying strains of antibiotic resistance bacteria that can be transferred to humans.
Over fishing occurs when there are more fish caught than fish in the ocean to sustain fish stock. Global warming is another big harm to the ocean. Global warming affects all of the earth. Animals are having a hard time surviving because sea levels are rising and ocean temperatures are changing. The sea animal cannot adjust to these changes in the ocean due to global warming.
The production of these toxic-filled substances continues to lead the human race on a path of natural destruction; with thousands of animal sea-life dying annually from plastic consumption. It's time we wake up to the fact that our oceans are in need of critical help. How did the plastic get into our oceans to begin with? The oceans are enormous but they are not infinite. Today, as in the past, oceans are being treated as giant disposal areas for all types of refuse (plastics, tins, bottles etc.)
The high content of carbon causes global warming and global warming causes climate change. These changes are destroying our blue planet and making the ecosystem become sicker. Unfortunately, all the high content of carbon was released by human activities. We must reduce Carbon Dioxide emissions in the next two to three years, or we will lose our natural environment that we depend upon for survival. The 11th Hour shows us the consequences of irreversible global warming that have already begun to affect our life and environment.
What has happened to destroy so many reefs? Human population has become very large, and earth is warming. There are two different ways in which humans have contributed to the degradation of the Earth's coral reefs, indirectly and directly. Indirectly, we have destroyed their environment. The large population centres near coasts has led to silting of reefs, pollution by nutrients that lead to algal growth that smothers the coral, and overfishing that has led to increase in number of predators that eat corals.
Having human trials for the vaccine would take too long for any defects (An example would be Thalidomide, which caused birth defects in the 1960s because of incomplete animal testing by today’s standards. US regulations have expanded on what conditions a drug must be tested under due to the incident [Gauvra, 2011]) to show and not having trials is not an option when it comes to the flu. Should the vaccine be unavailable, a significant portion of the population would fall ill every year, and the number of deaths from just the flu would skyrocket. As well, there would be a sharp decline in the quality of life for humans. Many companies use animal trials to test out the safety of new drugs, pesticides, medication, food additives, packing materials, and anything else with chemical ingredients.