With maturity, preoccupations are focused less on body image and more on internal feelings and goals. It is important to note that individuals move through the various stages at different levels. . Though Loevinger does not specifically address the preverbal stage of ego development, other theorists agree that ego begins in infancy with the recognition of self. Loevinger believes early childhood to be continually stuck in impulsivity as self-expression; generally speaking, the impulsive stage is egocentric.
Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic approach to abnormality The psychodynamic approach assumes that experiences in our earliest years can affect our emotions, attitudes and behaviour in later years without us being aware that it is happening. Freud suggested the mind or psyche has three parts: the conscious, the preconscious, and the unconscious. Freud suggested that individuals can never be aware of the contents of the unconscious. Freud argued that childhood experiences play a crucial part in adult development, including the development of adult personality. Every child must pass through the so-called psycho-sexual stages; how a child experiences these stages plays a crucial role in the development of his/her personality.
In Erikson’s view he sees these conflicts centered around developing a psychological quality or failing to develop that quality. Erikson’s theory is stage theory based on the assumption that development is universal and although there may be individual differences in terms of when and how it is experienced everyone in the end should develop and go through the same stages. In our world today, Erikson’s theory is often questioned due to the growing cross-cultural evidence that people in different cultures develop and go through different experiences and stages in life. Erikson’s fifth stage of his theory is the most controversial and fought over stage. This stage in Identity vs. Confusion and concerns adolescence children and the way they explore their independence and develop a sense of self.
For example in a child that’s aged between 2-3yrs will (in their social development): • Continue to enjoy the company of others • Wants to please and seek approval from adults • Is still very egocentric and very protective of own possessions; unable to share with other children unless requested by an adult and it wants to please the adult. • May find group experiences difficult due to egocentric behaviour • Uses language more effectively to communicate with others. All children will follow this sequence of development, however they may not all go through the sequence over the same timescale as another. This is where we look at the rate of development. Rate is defined as... “The speed with which something moves or happens.” So as already stated development happens in the same order amongst all children but it may not happen at the same rate.
The Graduate – Assignment One Youth can be defined as an early period of existence or development. One who is still of youth must be accompanied by an adult, whether it is a parent or a guardian, to guide one through this immature period of time and teach one the way of life. In today’s society, it is quite ironic that most teenagers believe that their lives are extremely difficult and cannot wait to break away from the arms of their family and loved ones. This inexperienced mindset can lead a child down a path of isolation towards the real world where he/she will be tested with nobody there to look up to. Scotty McCreery, a teenage country singer and former American Idol winner, performs a song called “Back on the Ground” which illustrates how sometimes in life we lose a sense of what things really mean the most to us.
Having a caregiving environment of mind-mindedness, a state in which the parents treat their children as independent thinkers, is a necessary condition for the best development of interpersonal interpretive function. Individuals suffering from BPD have an inadequate ability to understand that their reactions and other’s reactions are driven by thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and desires. Attachment trauma is also thought to be part of the history of those with BPD. Attachment theory suggests that early experience with caregivers serves to organize later attachment relationships and has been used to explain the psychopathology of BPD (Fonagy, Target, Gergely, Allen, & Bateman, 2003). Childhood maltreatment studies have offered diverse predictors in the types of childhood maltreatment associated with BPD.
Infantile amnesia is often thought of as a paradox, since it is known that infants' and young children's minds handle a lot of new impressions and are considered adept at learning, and yet it is believed that memories are only created after some fundamental developments of the brain are completed. Research has been done since the early 19th century, but defining and probing for the earliest memories is a problem. Often, subjects have heard stories about their childhood that mix with their real memories and make it difficult to differentiate what was actually remembered. Often too, a subject's earliest claimed memory is not confirmable. For this reason, memories like the birth of a younger sibling have been used in experiments when probing for the earliest possible memories.
At each stage, the individual’s libido known as energy is motivated on a part of our body that is mainly related at that stage. If the developing children are met at each stage and it will move on to the next stage. But if they struggle or conflict or some unsatisfactory experience, then individual becomes fixated known as stuck at this stage. The can result in definite ways of being or personality traits that are carried out into adulthood which can explain later in life. Oral stage is the first stage.
Bowlby’s theory of attachment is still relevant in understanding child care issues, but in a world dominated by parental issues psychological intervention may become a way of life. “Privation, when there is failure for a person to form an attachment to any individual- through a series of early different carers or family discord, Distortion occurs through lack of stimulation and affection” ( Woods, 2006, pg 139 ). Attachment issues may continue on in later life, a person could have trouble forming relationships. A person may feel the need to seek help with these issues and a good medium for help would be short term Psychodynamic
This may cause the teenager to become more independent as they may resent their parents, for getting divorced, and leave home. The family, in which an adolescent is living in at the time of puberty, can make a difference to how a teenager handles puberty. “Puberty is characterized by accelerated physical growth and intense psycho-social adjustment” (Mattson 6). Rapid transitions begin to take place, and their bodies start to transform. Boys commence to develop later than girls, causing stress due to identity quandaries.