amusement or indifference) whereas irrational beliefs will lead to unhealthy emotions (e.g. fear or panic). Ellis claimed that irrational beliefs can lead to negative and inappropriate emotions. In 1967 Beck indentified the cognitive triad which consisted of three main cognitive biases that lead to disorders such as depression; a negative view of the world, a negative view of themselves and a negative view of the future. These biases interrelate and tend to perpetuate someone's depression.
Strength / Weakness - research that is in the form of naturally occurring phenomena (Roberts and Lamb) has good ecological validity but is not scientific or replicable as variables were not highly controlled and because it is not artificial. It would also be unethical to test eye witness testimony when a real sensitive subject is being discussed. Strength / Weakness - the results could be due to a number of factors such as: young people may be more used to memory tests or older adults have poorer health leading to memory impairment. Weakness - the research findings are inconclusive. Weakness - the factors given by researchers, such as the ones stated, are only assumptions with no scientific evidence.
Compare and contrast the existential and cognitive behavioural approaches to understanding and working with fear and sadness. Which one of these two approaches do you feel more drawn to and why. Whilst many people helped shape the early existential psychology movement, Victor Frankel 1905-1997 and Rollo May 1909-1994 are amongst the most renowned. Existential psychotherapy is a philosophical method of therapy that operates on the belief that inner conflict within a person is due to that individual's confrontation with the givens of existence. (Yalom 1980) Existential therapy operates on the belief that inner conflict within a person is due to that individual's perception and fear of the very process of existing and of the inevitability of death .
Today researchers view depression as a set of symptoms which are widely variable and unlike a single disease are a body of dissimilar elements (heterogeneous) having distinct pathophysiologies and causes( Nestler et al., 2002). In other words most researchers view depression as a complicated condition requiring a bio-psycho-social consideration. Someone looking at depression from the neuroscience perspective would be interested in how brain and body chemistry might play a role in depression as they facilitate sensory experiences, memories, and emotions (Myers, 2012). Researchers looking at depression from this perspective have evidenced through the use of Functional MRI scans that sensory experiences can alter brain activity creating a pattern comparable to the patterns found in patients experiencing depressed moods. Other related studies showed that during periods of depressed moods brain activity slowed considerably; while MRI scans showed that the size of the frontal lobes of severely depressed people were seven percent less than the norm (Myers, 2010).
Explain two alternative frameworks for understanding mental distress. 1.4. Explain how mental ill health may be indicated through an individual’s emotions, thinking and behaviour. 2.1. Explain how individuals experience discrimination due to misinformation, assumptions and stereotypes about mental ill health.
Kant’s theory maintains that actions themselves are right or wrong, regardless of the consequence that occurs as a result (Waluchow 173). Most arguments for assisted suicide are based on the probable consequence that the person won’t suffer anymore, however Kant’s theory would not accept this assertion as morally relevant. The arguments that include suffering of friends and family and cost to the health system would also be viewed as insignificant. Most justifications for assisted suicide are consequential in nature, and would therefore be dismissed by Kantian
The guilty-but mentally-ill verdict fails to uphold this principle, and even though it mandates treatment for offenders, there is no indication that the treatment for offenders that are mentally ill has improved since the verdict was established. The APA supports the standard for legal insanity which involves a lack of appreciating the wrong behavior due to a mental issue. The APA is hesitant on taking a position on the assignment of the burden of proof in insanity cases, since this is a matter for legislative judgment and further empirical study. When it comes to psychiatric testimony, the APA supports allowing testimony about the offenders’ mental state, diagnosis, and motivation at the time of the criminal act, leaving the decision of legal insanity up to the jury or judge. The APA stands behind the special management of release decisions for people that are not guilty by reason of insanity in cases that involve violent behavior.
Agnew went on to not only explain how the general strain theory addressed the criticisms that arose with the social strain theories, but as well proclaimed that there was three different types of strain-inducing stimulants. These three types of strain describe a different type of negative relationship that occurs with others. Agnew goes forth by identifying these three types of strain as the failure to achieve one’s goals,
Abstract The treatment, eye movement desensitisation reprocessing is an effective way for treating post-traumatic stress disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder is when an individual has witnessed or personally experienced a traumatic event. The effective treatment helps treat the individual by unblocking the processing system that processes and stores experiences and memories adequately. When an individual experiences post-traumatic stress disorder the system does not work adequately. The study of 80 participants that were assigned to treatment or delayed treatment supported that eye movement desensitisation reprocessing is an effective way as the participants symptoms decreased after 3 treatment sessions.
Some recover quickly and other do not. Another way to treat this form of depression is antidepressants. Another form of depression is psychotic depression. This type of depression is accompanied by delusional thoughts. This form of depression is different because they are out of touch with reality and hear voices inside their head.