Themes of a Clockwork Orange

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What does it mean to be human? To be human is to have a choice; to have free will. In his novel, Burgess uses his character Alex to take the reader into a world of both extreme freedom and extreme suppression. Alex has a choice. “What’s it going to be then, eh?” Each time this question is asked, it calls the reader to think about the themes of the book. During part one; Alex has to make the choice of being “good” or “evil.” At this point in the novel, he is still capable of making that choice. In part two, his choice has been made for him. Upon accidentally murdering an old woman, he chose evil for himself. This is fine by him in a way, because after seeing the corruption of the police he decides, “If you bastards are on the side of good then I’m glad to belong to the other shop.” (71) He is brainwashed into “goodness.” He can no longer stand to see or think about violence without feeling pain. He no longer has free will of his own. This novel explores the themes of freewill and its interference with the safety of society when the evil of human nature presents itself in the actions of man. The importance of freewill is a theme that Burgess stresses throughout the novel. The ability to make choices and to have freewill is what makes a man truly human. Without that ability to make a choice, man is nothing but machinery, or “a clockwork orange.” In the novel, the prison Chaplain makes this point more than once. Before Alex’s treatment, he tries to convince him to reconsider, saying, “Goodness is something chosen. When a man cannot choose he ceases to be a man.” (83) Then again after Alex’s treatment when all his choice has been stripped away, “He has no real choice…He ceases to be a wrongdoer. He ceases also to be a creature capable of moral choice.”(127) Before his treatment, Alex took his freewill for granted, as something that every man has and he took advantage of

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