Deep divisions in politics combined with distrust in foreign nations and growing domestic turmoil paved the way for the passing of the Alien and Sedition Acts by the Federalists. The two major parties of early America were the Anti-federalists and the Federalists. The schisms in politics resulted from the fierce rivalry between Hamilton and Jefferson. Both had different notions of how government should be run, especially when it came to the foreign policy. As France and England battled for European supremacy against the backdrop of the French Revolution, the American parties sought opposite alliances with the European rivals.
The Emperor did this to secure the Pragmatic Sanction that his daughter would be the heir to his throne. Maria Theresa, Charles VI’s daughter and heir to the leadership of Austria, was not the country’s and allies’ first choice to take over the throne. When it finally came time for her to take over Austria became weak and other countries, including those previously in alliance, began to take advantage of this weakness. The peace was broken by the King of Prussia who wanted Selisia. There was a domino effect after this initially desire:Bavaria wanted Bohemia lands, the King of France sought the Austrian Netherlands, and the Spanish longed for the Austrian territories in Italy.
I personally think that Henry failed in his foreign policy because he didn’t end up gaining a full grasp on France, this was the main precedence. The initial aim was to capture more land, gaining more land meaning capturing France and knowing Henry’s ambitious mindset, he most probably had his whole mind set on creating an empire and France was a good place to start. Had Henry been what he said he was ‘a warrior king’ he wouldn’t have been used as a toy twice throughout this unsuccessful foreign policy. Charles took advantage of Henry. At the Battle of Pavia, the French were defeated and Francis along with his strongest supporters were held captive.
Henry had a very aggressive policy on France throughout his rein until he eventually decided on trying to become the peacemaker of Europe. Henry wanted to regain the lost territory in northern France so he could be seen as a Great War lord with visions of honour and glory but also to challenge Henry V’s title of the last great English warrior. The first sign of this aim being put into place is the first French war from 1512-1514. However the first expedition on June 1512 was a disastrous failure as Ferdinand of Aragon didn’t hold up his end of the deal for an allied invasion. This shows Henrys naivety in foreign policy and the other European powers were using him to benefit themselves whilst sending him to his downfall.
France promote the unification of Italy in a large extent. However there were other countries such as Prussia, Britain, and Austria. Also there were significant figures who promote the unification of Italy such as Garibaldi and Cavour To start with France has not always been positive factor for the unification process. France in 1848 sent an army of about 20.000 men to destroy the roman republic. At Plombieres meeting of 1858 Cavour and Napoleon III agreed to work together which the agreement was Nice and Savoy are going to belong to France(so there would be no complete unification) and fought the war of 1859 against Austria.
Both political sides, the Republicans and the Federalists, did agree on one thing—that proceeding with the alliance they had with France and taking sides in the war was a bad idea. They had too many ties with trading from the British that would be destroyed if they took France’s side during the war. They also were afraid that it would cause an invasion and bring war to the United States. Overall, America came together in spite of their different views and made a decision that positively affected the United
* Sharpe acknowledged that the grounds for war were flimsy. * ‘Charles’ sense of wounded honour had initiated the conflict’ with Spain and England had merely ‘drifted’ into was with France, ‘not least as a consequence of the Duke of Buckingham’s personal quarrels with Cardinal Richelieu’. * With this being the case, why should Parliament be blamed for failing to maintain such wars arising from personal resentment? * Reeve’s “Charles I and the Road to Personal Rule” is, unlike Sharpe’s work, critical of Charles. * Having been forced into peace, Charles was inclined to stay at peace because of any resumption of wat would require a resemption of Parliament to pay for it.
In 1775, the Second Continental Congress met in response to the battle of Lexington and Concord, to discuss what the next move for America should be. Everybody agreed to support war, but the aim for the war was not unanimous. The radical members wanted complete independence from the crown(people including Adams and Patrick Henry, while the moderate members wanted to reconcile with the crown. With much discussion, the members of the Congress agreed on the Olive Branch Petition, which was a final appeal to the king. This led to a decision for the king: cope with our demands, or we fight for our independence.
While Austria Hungary wanted to crush Serbia, Germany wanted to crush Russia. Two countries, during the July Crises, wanted war. Due to the fact that there were two proponents of war it is to little extent that WWI was an accident. On the one hand one might possibly contend that WWI was an accident. Some may argue that no one wanted war.
Bismarck’s desire was to alienate France from European affairs, a France which had become resurgent and powerful after the Franco-Prussian war. In order to achieve this, he needed to remain on good terms with both Russia and Austria-Hungary, thus he formed the Dreikaiserbund (1873-1878). However, the significance of this alliance was not so great, as Austria refused to agree to any military help. Furthermore, both Russia and Austria-Hungary were rivals in the Balkans, thus making the relations between them and Germany volatile. A few years later, a crisis arose in the Balkans, as a result of which, the Dreikaiserbund was terminated.