China was completely contrary from Central Africa on economic, political, and cultural bases during the 1500-1800. From 1000-1500 China led the world in economic development and there after experiencing the trauma of rule by the Yuan Dynasty, China adopted policies that favoured Chinese political and cultural tradition. On the other hand, the kingdoms of central Africa had initiated commercial relations with Portuguese merchants and diplomatic relations with Portuguese monarchy. Portuguese traded for slaves and slave trade undetermined the authority of the King. The Kings were converts of Christianity just to establish closer relations with Portuguese whereas Chinese has great problems with the exclusivity of Christianity but the Jesuits were respectful of Chinese culture and won a few converts.
1. How did Western imperialism affect China from 1750 to 1850? If we were to look at the interaction between the Chinese and the Westerner nations from 1750 to 1850 we would see a clear shift in power from Asia to Europe due to differences in technology and mindset. It changed China’s position in the world from a leading civilization to a war torn nation. This is clearly observed through imperialism, which was the extension of control over people and territories, by forced submission through military superiority.
China resisted these efforts, by England, to continue trade and began attacking their ships. These acts were seen as aggressive in the eyes of the English and the first opium war resulted. The war ended with the treaty of Nanking, which ceded China to Britain. The second opium war between 1856 and 1858 ended with the treaty of Tientsin (2). These two wars were prime examples of commercial imperialism, not only through the opening of treaty ports but through British control of Chinese customs which the 1842 treaty established, and continuing opium trade without restraint (3).
Throughout the 19th century, American relations with China were restricted to a small but profitable trade a. The British, in competition with France, Germany, and Russia, took advantage of the crumbling Manchu dynasty to force treaties on China, creating “treaty ports” and granting exclusive trading privileges in various parts of the country. b. American attitudes toward the Chinese people reflected this confusion of motives. 2. The annexation of Hawaii and Philippines in 1898 and 1899 convinced Secretary of State Hay that the US should have announced a China policy.
Early in the nineteenth century, the British had gained great influence and rule over China, for it was more modernized and developed, and consequently had more power. Not only that, but they started selling opium in China to balance their purchases of tea for export. (“Opium Wars” 35986). This resulted into an addiction to opium, a detrimental effect on the Chinese citizens caused by the Europeans. China’s response to this was to implement their prohibition against import of this drug by destroying a lot of opium on the ships arriving at the Port of Canton.
After all of this, China still did not industrialize until the 1960’s. In the early 16th century, China had largely isolated itself from the outside world. But it still remained a large exporter of many goods, such as tea, silk, cotton, ore, and porcelain as it had been for centuries. These goods remained the last vestige of the once seemingly unshakeable Chinese influence on global trade. The Chinese also only accepted silver as payment for their
These Chinese explorations were really helpful, but also really expensive because of the large timber ships that they built. The government put a policy shift against voyages, and put a greater focus on domestic matters. The Members of the Ming Court advocated a greater focus on domestic and continental matters, emphasizing agricultural production, internal stability, a military buildup and colonization at the edges of the Central Asian steppe, and refurbishment of the Great Wall, designed to repel invaders (DOC 3, 4). Even though China had earlier technological innovations than Europe did (DOC 2) Europe still succeeded because China was governed by ignorant
Largely in response to big demand, more Mexican silver was produced in much greater quantities this time around during the eighteenth century than that had been produced by all of Spanish America during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries combined. Another main point was that by the middle of the 18th century so much silver flooded into China that super-profits had been eliminated. Meanwhile the British gained control of a new, fast growing market – opium. The British would import Bengal opium into China in exchange for Chinese exports of tea. This market was also linked to American tobacco introduction, because opium would be mixed with tobacco leaves and smoked.
The transitional period is very critical so management should coordinate with employees rather than forcing them to adapt. Introduction: Chinese Management Guanxi means ‘Connections’ or ‘Relations’ The Roaring Dragon Hotel (RDH), a state owned enterprise established in 1950s is a highly reputed, three star hotel located in south-west China (Grainger, 2008). The job at RDH was secure and had many benefits which made the employees relaxed and satisfied. The Chinese Manager cared more for employees’ happiness than profit and service. The Guanxi practice which means relationship or connections in China despite its bad sides was well accepted culture in China.
What did Yung Wing consider as China's most pressing problems? After the Opium Wars broke out, western countries found that China was very weak. Westerners started to declare wars to China and force China to open her market. After that, the second opium war started. China was defect by England and France.