Sadly, diseases brought from the Old World wiped out many native civilizations in the New World. 4. The pattern of colonial contact in the Northeast was based more in commerce and trading. They established relationships with the natives with an exchange of goods and ideas. The fisherman were not really interested in conquest, but rather a mutually successful relationship that was beneficial to both.
The English, while still in Europe, adopted the idea of sugar plantations from Portuguese Brazil. They eventually migrated to America where they concentrated on Carolina, The Chesapeake, and New England. After learning about Brazil’s dependence on West African slaves, and their strict labor requirements, along with the inexpensive level of care West African slaves required compared to that of their indentured English counterparts, “economic rationality dictated that West Africans were the most profitable form of labor available.” Additionally, unlike indigenous servants, West African slaves would serve for life. The origins of slavery also were also brought about from European thinking from a biblical standpoint. Adam and Eve, whom it was believed that all of humanity descended from, were thought to be light-skinned by Europeans.
By 1914 Africa had been carved up by seven different European nations trying to exert their dominance in the world through Imperialism. What is even more stunning is that hardly any area in Africa was under native control, almost all of it had come to belong to European nations through conquest. This time period was all about European nations fighting for who was the most powerful, and whoever was the most powerful had the most colonies. That was really all that mattered during this time period, Imperialism, and whoever was the most dominate Imperialist, was the strongest nation. France and England were the most successful in gaining land in Africa, France had a majority of West Africa whereas England also had South Africa and East Africa.
He talked about the brutal encounter between Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro and Inca emperor Atalhualla on November 16, 1532 at the Peruvian highland town of Cajamarca. Although the Incan army consisted of 80,000 soldiers while the Spanish only had 168 soldiers, Pizarro’s forces were easily able to decimate and imprison the Incas. Diamond thinks that the Spanish were stronger than the Incas because they were armed with steel swords, steel armor, and horses. Atalhuappa’s troops employed only quilted armor, slingshots, stone, bronze, and wooden clubs. The Spanish army obtained immense benefits from the use of horses in their triumphs.
3. The Zulu kingdom arose primarily from internal conflicts over ________ and _________________. 4. The most powerful and most feared fighters in southern Africa were the __________________. 5.
In chapter 17, Prelude to the European conquest of Africa, British abolitionists create a colony called Freetown were freed African slaves settled. It was a safe haven for freed slaves. This was sort of a shift from what Europeans originally used Africa for, which was the trading of slaves and gold. Everything Europeans needed was accessible on the Western coast of Africa, resulting in the interior to rarely be ventured. One man who argued that slavery was inefficient was Scottish philosopher Adam Smith.
More often than not it was a battle of wills between the slave and their master – and due to politics being dramatically unfavourable against the blacks, the masters would often abuse this political freedom in their punishment. However, this would cause a lot of expense and trouble to masters so it was soon established that slaves could cause severe inconvenience and disruption to their business if masters continued like this. Once reasonable authority was exerted by the slaves, many masters saw it easier to let them work within (comparatively) bigger perimeters. Masters tended not to push this convention as slaves had nothing to lose whereas masters had money and pride at stake if some, unspoken, boundaries weren't set. By using the same racist nicknames which whites called blacks, such as “niggers”, with each other, it ridiculed the whole scenario.
As a result of these natural obstacles, China relied on the trade between China, India, and Central Asia for jade, ivory and pearl which was very useful. On the other hand, there were the yellow and Yangzi Rivers to the east. This allowed for great agricultural success. In the north was dry, cold climates which called for technological, political, philosophical, and religious advances, was later abandoned for the warm, lush southern land. Over the years, yellowish- brown deposits made the soil manageable and so large
After the conquest and through the declined of the natives surrounding their overworked and poorer conditions, Spaniards did but little to care at the expense of their wealth. Bartolome de las Casas and the New Laws reduced this labor system which angered in part the encomenderos who through civil wars and lack of heirs had their encomiendas reverted to the crown. The repartimiento/mita which is a labor draft within the Inca Empire was changed to a forced labor draft for the Spaniards in order to mine, obraje labor, and agricultural surplus. Negatively speaking, it was an easy faster way to make Spaniards rich. Natives were used to a monetary system and were unconsciously willing to work in order to meet this new type of payments.
Slavery, while not a huge issue at the time, was introduced because of the labor tobacco-growing required. Each region settled by the English colonists found great ways of profit: in the New England colonies was shipbuilding and fishing, the Middle Atlantic Colonies' main profits came from both land and sea, and the Southern Colonies' profit was mainly dependent on agriculture. America was not so dependent on Europe and did trade foodstuffs and other desirable goods with the Europeans, but continued to trade and be ruled by the British government. Unfortunately, America's desire to profit and grow became limited due to