The reward/need satisfaction theory suggests that people form romantic relationships because they feel they are rewarded by being with that person. The things we find rewarding tend to reflect our unmet needs, for example the need for company or financial security. Mutual attraction occurs when each partner meets the other person’s needs. One person might have the need for financial security, while another craves company. Stimuli that is rewarding produces positive feelings in us, and stimuli that is punishing produces negative feelings.
There are various factors which contribute to the development of positive relationships with others. These principles of relationship building can be broadly divided into several categories, the key ingredient being the need for effective communication. The basic aim is to make one feel comfortable and secure in our company. Body language, facial expressions and gestures are also crucially important in effective communication. In order to build positive relationships with other individuals we must show respect and courtesy, from the simple ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ to listening to peoples points of views; this is particularly important to remember when communicating with people from different cultures who may have other beliefs and values.
Byrne and Clore (1970) proposed the reward/need satisfaction model. According to this model, we form relationships with people simply because we find them rewarding, It is suggested that we are rewarded in two ways: operant conditioning (through direct reinforcement) and classical conditioning (through association). Argyle (1992) suggests individuals who are rewarding are liked the most. An example of positive reinforcement may be through non-verbal signals such as smiling; this is a sign of liking. We may also be negatively reinforced by an individual helping us in our ‘time of need’.
Intrinsic motivation remains a consequential construct, demonstrating the natural human readiness to master and subsume. Intrinsic motivation is characterized as the doing of movement for its inherent fulfillments instead of for some detachable outcome. At the point when inherently inspired an individual is moved to represent the fun or test involved instead of in light of outer goads, weights, or prized. This characteristic motivational inclination is a discriminating component in cognitive, social, and physical improvement on the grounds that it is through following up on one’s natural interest that one develops in information and abilities. Intrinsic motivation exists inside people, in an alternate sense natural inspiration exists in connection in middle of people and exercises.
Describe and evaluate two or more theories of the formation of romantic relationships (9 marks + 16 marks) January 2011 One theory that outlines the formation of relationships is the reward/ need satisfaction theory that was developed by Byrne and Clore (1970). The theory suggests that we form a relationship because the presence of a particular individual is associated with reinforcement. This is because rewarding stimuli creates positive feelings and these stimuli may be people. These people therefore make us happy, so, due to operant conditioning, we seek to adopt behaviours that lead to a desirable outcome and avoid those that lead to an undesirable outcome. Therefore, the presence of an individual produces positive reinforcement as they have a more attractive appeal.
Some may be motivated by money or power, while others are motivated by emotion and well-being. Henry Murray suggested that humans live in past experiences and expectations of the future to achieve needs and desires. In addition, he believed humans possessed two main types of needs. The first is viscerogenic, which are physiological needs such as air and water. Second, psychogenic, “such as the need for autonomy, achievement, affiliation, dominance, play, order, and so on.” (Pinel, J.P.J.
“The Pursuit of Happiness” suggests what we imagine occurrences and possessions that we believe would make us happy or unhappy. Then we even take that a step further by actually believing we fully realize what effect it would have on us and how we would react. The reality with this is, most of the time our beliefs are not even remotely close to what truly brings us genuine joy or despair. The same remains true in what feelings or reactions one would have with each situation. The article “Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness”, on the other hand, states that
LO 1.2 The principles of relationship building with children, young people and adults Effective Communication This is the key area for developing relationships with others and it covers many different forms of communication. Children and adults will be more likely to communicate effectively if they are comfortable in your company. You should always be respectful and courteous, listen to points of view, take time to remember names and preferred forms of address. People may behave or react different ways when under times of stress or pressures, so you should be considerate of this too. Always remember that different people have different issues that are personal to them, it helps to build a positive relationship to enquire about another person’s life.
Humanistic and Existential Theories Influence Interpersonal Relationships According to The Humanistic and Existent Theory influence on interpersonal relationships, people will try and associate with other people and try to connect in a healthy and productive relationship, but in all they will be alone. “Abraham Maslow believed fulfilling love and belongingness was a primal need and must be filled by friendship, creating a family, having a mate and maintaining associations with others. He proposed fulfillment at this level was essential for other levels of human success” (Feist and Feist). Our social construction will help us claim the knowledge, personality and behavior will be constructed from any social interaction and learning theories will define how the human being can learn from their behavior and personality according to the response from their environment will have some considerations internally. The humanistic theory has the great tendency to encourage the human drive toward an ultimate goal that is predetermined.
Outline and evaluate one or more theories of the formation of romantic relationships. (9+16) 25 Marks. The reward/need satisfaction theory says that there are negative and positive stimuli in our lives, we repeat behaviours which produce positive stimuli and avoid negative stimuli (operant conditioning). Similarly, attraction through association links on from rewards and punishments, but follows the basis of classical conditioning. We are more likely to form a relationship with those people who are associated with pleasant event e.g.