1.2 Identify common illness and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Viral and bacterial infection Viruses: Viruses can affect many different parts of the body or more than one body system at the same time for example a runny nose, sinus congestion, cough or body ache. Viruses can cause the classic common cold or even the flu, much
This means that when either a Virus, Bacteria, Fungi or parasites in the single form, gather and join to make one mass of either Virus, Bacteria, Fungi or parasites. 1.4 Explain what is meant by “Systemic Infection” and “Localised Infection” SYSTEMATIC INFECTION This is when the entire system is infected by something - for instance, the whole body. This can be the nerves, blood or muscles over the entire body. LOCALISED INFECTION Localised infection would be being infected in one area -
Common symptoms are acral necrosis of the extremities (such as the toes, fingers, lips and tip of the nose), high fever, nausea, vomiting, and breathing difficulty. Left untreated, Yersinia pestis can multiply rapidly in the bloodstream, possibly causing septicemic plague or even creep towards the lungs causing pneumonic plague. In order to diagnose bubonic plague, testing in the laboratory is required. Identification of the bacterium Yersinia pestis culture in a sample of serum from a patient’s blood is used for confirmation of the
Virulence varies in organisms and some also have the ability to change their virulence. They may also gain virulence as they go from one infected host to another. * The dose is the amount of pathogens that attack the body. Infection may occur even when the virulence is low, but a large number of pathogens attack the body. * Predisposition is a person’s condition to infection.
Like bacteria and viruses, some fungi can act as pathogens. Human fungal diseases can occur due to infection or fungal toxins. Symptoms of fungal diseases can be as common as itching, coughing, fever, wheezing, but they can also be as serious as meningitis or even death. Parasites are organisms that need other organism for their survival. They draw nourishment and other needs from their host organism.
Bacterial staphylococcus conjunctivitis is caused by the bacteria infecting the conjunctiva. This is often increased growth of bacteria that normally live in the eyelids but can also occur after direct contact with someone else who has this disease. The conjunctiva is a clear membrane which covers the sclera (the white of the eye) and the inside of the eyelids. It produces mucus and tears which help lubricate the eye. Symptoms of bacterial
The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. Although there were several competing theories as to the etiology of the Black Death, recent analysis of DNA from victims in northern and southern Europe indicates that the pathogen responsible was the Yersinia pestis bacterium, which causes the Bubonic plague, although these were different, previously unknown ancestral variants of those identified in the 20th century. The Black Death is thought to have started in China or central Asia, before spreading west. It is estimated to have killed 25 million people or 30% of the population of China. The plague then travelled along the Silk Road and reached the Crimea by 1346.
Contact transmission can be either, direct or indirect. Direct contact can result from coming into contact with organisms from skin, infected wound, or body secretions to another part of the body or another person. Droplet transmission can be transmitted by coughing, talking or sneezing with colds, viruses or influenza, and is another form of contact. Indirect occurs when organisms from an infected host or other reservoir are transmitted to the susceptible host from an inanimate object or fomite. Fomites transmission is one of the most common exposures.
The person who inhales the mucor usually ends up with pneumonia. When mucor invades the alveoli and the spores penetrates into spaces between cells and then it spread to adjacent cells. Spread of fungi in the lungs activates the immune system causes increase in leucocytes of patient and patient body responded to inflammation, fluids leaks from blood vessels to alveoli , leads to pneumonia and it impaired oxygen transportation.The immune’s systems responded resulting in chills, fever, and fatigue which are all common symptoms of
P1: Explain how infections are caused by different pathogens: * Bacteria * Fungi * Protozoa * Parasites * Viruses Bacteria: Pathogens are microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria and these cause diseases in the body. Bacteria is a pathogen and are microscopic living cells that multiply at a rapid speed, once inside the body they spread toxins making the individual ill. Bacteria can cause diseases such as; * food poisoning * cholera * typhoid * whooping cough * gonorrhoea - a sexually transmitted disease Bacteria can travel in many things such as food, water or even through the air. For example if an individual is sitting next to someone that keeps on sneezing, the individual will eventually