In normal people a mechanism prevents excessive or prolonged arousal in response to a stressor. In depressed people those levels are high and then go down after a depressive episode. When noradrenalin levels are low, the Cortisol levels can’t be regulated which suggests that it is linked to depression. A problem with this explanation is that it doesn’t state whether it is cause or effect. There is significant evidence to suggest that the role of hormones, (primarily
Many of the believe depression can be unlearned behavior as well. As stated before depression is caused and linked to stress in an individual’s life. The lack or none exist of personal skills can be link to stress also. The stress in a person life may cause them not to receive many positive strengthening. These things give individual a sense of pleasure and fulfillment.
Introducing an ally who resisted the majority caused conformity levels to drop sharply (5%). The presence of an ally makes an individual feel more confident and better able to stand up to the majority. Asch also discovered that people are better able to resist pressure to conform if the decision has a moral dimension. For Asch’s participants, the costs of conforming were not particularly great given the insignificance of the task. However if the behaviour is judged as immoral such as joining others in cheating there is less evidence of conformity as the costs are perceived as greater.
Mood disorders are thought to be caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. Traumatic events can also cause a person to become depressed. Personality disorders – affects the individual's patterns of thinking, feelings and behaviour. People with a personality disorder may find that their beliefs and attitudes are different from the majority of people. Others may find the individual's behaviour unusual, or erratic and may find it difficult to be around them.
The results of these tests show that fibromyalgia patients have impairments in working, episodic, and semantic memory that mimic about 20 years of aging. These patients have particular difficulty with memory when tasks are complex and their attention is divided. Cognitive symptoms in these patients may be exacerbated by the presence of depression, anxiety, sleep problems, endocrine disturbances, and pain, but the relationship of these factors to cognitive problems in fibromyalgia patients is unclear” (Glass, 2008). “One explanation why people with fibromyalgia may have cognitive difficulties is decreased levels of important neurotransmitters. There is evidence that FMS patients have significantly lower levels of serum serotonin.
Typically, people with depression find it hard to go about their day-to-day activities and may also feel that life is not worth living. People with depression may take antidepressants, which are psychiatric medication to alleviate symptoms. When taken, antidepressants affect the nervous system in your body, mainly your neurotransmitters. There are several forms of depression. Major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder are the most common.
Single experiences do not make a big difference to our health and wellbeing overall, unless we are subjected to a physical assault or hate crime. It is systematic and consistent discrimination that is most harmful. Minority groups can be marginalised and isolated. They may feel oppressed. Low self-esteem, poor self-image, negative self-worth and low self-confidence can have a lasting effect on education and progress at work, leading to a loss of motivation to achieve.
Outline and evaluate the psychological explanations for depression (24) Two psychological explanations of depression are behaviourism and cognitive. Behaviourism explains depression as a learned condition and therefore does not perceive the disorder as a mental illness with a physical cause. Lewinsohn (1974) proposed that depression arises from a lack of positive reinforcement. Some people who are depressed do indeed seem to lack the social skills that enable them to get along with others. People who become depressed because of a major loss may be reinforced in being depressed by the sympathy and understanding shown by other people.
Explain how mental ill health may have an impact on those in the individual’s familial, social or work network including: a) Psychological and emotional The individual may feel a multitude of negative emotions and find themselves going on a downward spiral, which makes the condition worse. b) Practical
They are not actively working for the income, instead they must wait until it comes in the mail or deposited into their accounts by others (Drentea, 2002). Retirees and individuals in late adulthood are exposed to a decline in their cognitive abilities (Berk, 2010). Their ability to control and divide their attention slows down and they begin to loose some of their memories (Berk, 2010). This no doubt impacts their mental health in a negative way and it causes them to become depressed and loose their connection with their families and society (Berk,