The Importance Of Health Psychology

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Health psychology is an ever-growing area of study within the Western world, i.e. Europe, Australia, New Zealand and the United States (Ogden, 2012). As a discipline it initially evolved from Engel’s (1977) biopsychosocial model, which combined medical, psychological and environmental factors in its examination of the idea of health (Ogden, 2012). Contemporary psychologists understand it to be, “the scientific study of behaviours that relate to health enhancement, disease prevention, safety, and rehabilitation” (p. xv, Brannon & Feist, 2009). Owing to the extensive nature of the disciple, the focus of this essay will be current health inequalities, including suggestions for future research and practical interventions in this area. Diabetes…show more content…
These are defined by WHO (2008) as, unnecessary inequalities in health between individuals within countries and between countries. An individual’s risk of sickness and their subsequent responses to the illness are largely determined by their social and economic conditions. One example of health inequalities between societies is clearly seen in child mortality rates. In Chad for example, it is reported that 20% of children die before their fifth birthday. Conversely, within the WHO European Region, this rate drops to 1.3% (WHO, 2011). There is no innate or genetic explanation for this variance. Significant differences in health outcomes within countries also exist and are largely explained by variations in social status, income, ethnicity, gender, disability or sexual orientation (Brannon, Feist & Updegraff,…show more content…
Beehler, Birman & Campbell, 2012; HSE, 2007; Nyamathi et al., 2011), but none are without serious methodological weaknesses such as, small sample sizes for the most effective interventions (Beehler et al., 2012; Nyamathi et al., 2011) and poor explanation of procedure (HSE, 2007). Healthy People 2020 highlights the elimination of health inequalities as a key goal within the US healthcare system (US department of Health and Human, 2011). This vision however is unlikely to be realised unless dramatic changes are made. At present, those belonging to the upper socioeconomic levels of society are making far superior advancements in health status than those belonging to the lower levels. Since it’s inception over 30 years ago, health psychology has influenced numerous practical applications relating to health behaviours within many areas of healthcare. Nonetheless, the future of health psychology appears to lie in tackling these inequalities with the assistance of social and economic developments (Brannon et al., 2013). Furthermore, a greater emphasis within health psychology must be placed on the need to act as advocates and agents of social change on behalf of the most vulnerable in society (Nutbeam, 2004; Watt, 2007). An interdisciplinary approach appears to be the best way to effectively close the health gap and eliminate health inequalities (Abrams, 2006; Satcher, 2010). As such, one possible future
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