There are two different types of carbohydrate, simple carbohydrates (or sugars) and complex carbohydrates (starches and fibre). Proteins are a vital nutrient which us used by the body for growth and repair, it is very important for infants and children also individuals who are ill or injured. one characteristic of proteins is that they are made up of amino acids. They are complex molecules that can promote good health. Lipids are insoluble within water, they have high energy content and can be metabolized to release calories, but they have many other uses as well.
In this task I will outline the functions of the main cell components. Which consists of the Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), golgi apparatus and lysosome. Cells are the structural and functional units of all living organisms. Cells can take in nutrients, change these nutrients into energy and can carry out particular functions, and reproduce them if needed. Mitochondria Mitochondria Nucleus Nucleus Lysosome Lysosome Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus Cell membrane Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and rough) Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and rough) Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Cell Membrane A cell membrane of the cell.
There are many models of enzymes, such as the lock and key model, which explores the structure of the enzyme and its ability to bind with a substrate molecule which is specific and complementary. There is also the induced fit model which explored the ability of enzyme molecules to change shape slightly enabling it to fit and bind to substrate molecules which must be complementary and specific. The importance of enzyme and substrate molecules to fit together, is the formation of the products which may enable many vital reactions to occur within cells and organisms. Enzymes are in important in digestion and the replication of DNA. Within digestion lactose within milk is broken down by the enzyme lactase, without lactose having a complimentary specific shape to it lactase enzyme, some people are lactose intolerant.
The nutrients are and help the body by :- Carbohydrates:- these are a source of energy as are fats and proteins they provide fibre that is good for maintaining children's bowels. Fats:- these are needed for the body to absorb vitamins A and D Proteins:- help growth and repair. They are good for children's brain, skin and blood. Minerals:- these are iron, calcium, phosphorous and fluoride. Iron helps blood to carry oxygen, a lack of this causes anaemia.
Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP and protein carriers to move the molecules across the membrane. The ATP formed as part of respiration is used in a wide variety of contexts for biology. For example, in order for an animal to move and hunt for food within its environment, it has to contract muscle tissue. The tissue is composed of cells containing actin and myosin filaments which move relative to eachother to contract a sarcomere. For this to happen, actomyosin cross-bridges form between the actin and myosin.
Research needs. (PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS IN HUMAN NUTRITION).,”
Two important macro-nutrients will be discussed in this paper, protein and fats (Omega-6 and Omega-3). Protein which means ‘of prime importance’, is the main
| Vesicle | Storage in and out of the cell. | Cytoskeleton | The cytoskeleton plays a critical role in the determination of cell shape and serves as a scaffold for critical cellular enzymes and adhesion molecules. It provides structural integrity for the cell and regulates the function of many biochemical events that are critical to cellular function.
Rough ER transports these proteins to the regions in the cell where it is needed. | Ribosomes | A ribosome is composed of two parts known as the large and small subunits. Each of these is a combination of protein and a type of RNA known as rRNA. | the main thing they do is that they arrange the strands of the amino acids for use of the other parts of the cell and ultimately the body. | Goigi Apparatus | The main function of the Golgi apparatus is to be responsible for handling the macromolecules that are required for proper cell functioning | It packages and ships molecules made in the ER.
This type uses fermentation to produce useful products to humans by fermenting microorganisms such as: bacteria and yeast. In this world there are five important types of fermentation; microbial cells, microbial enzymes, microbial metabolites, recombinant products, and biotransformation. In industrial fermentation there are many important factors to consider so that the bacteria could ferment. Growth media is one of the main factors we need to consider in this process. Growth media refers to any liquid or gel that will support any microorganisms or cells to grow.