In recent years, the diagnoses of STDs in older adults have sky rocketed. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), reportings of syphilis and chlamydia among those 55 and over has risen 43% between 2005 and 2009. Recent CDC statistics have also shown that the number of newly diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections is increasing faster in older adults than in people 40 and under. Karlovsky, Lebed & Mydlo (2004) believe that HIV and AIDs data may underestimate the incidence and prevalence of such diseases due to the fact that previous research excluded participants from the elderly population. However, according to Hillman (2008) approximately 12% to 20% of new cases of HIV and AIDs occur among men and women 65 and over.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 68 percent of the people in our country are overweight. Half of that 68 percent, or 34 percent of our population is obese (Overweight Prevalence). Weight loss basically boils down to burning more calories that you eat (Staff, Counting Calories: Getting back to weight-loss basics), but this is easier said than done for some people. What do you do when you’ve tried diet after diet and nothing has worked? More and more people are turning to gastric bypass surgery.
This study also showed that the role of both client characteristics and aspects of treatment delivery in the efficacy of obesity treatment, youth who received more sessions of therapy (higher dose) tended to have greater weight loss. The difference between youth with high session attendance and youth with low session attendance was both statistically significant and clinically meaningful, as the high attenders lost 10 pounds, on average, and low attenders gained 12 pounds. Moreover, greater youth motivation to change behaviors related to weight status was associated with higher treatment dose. Such findings demonstrate the importance of
Some researchers believe depicting thin models does not appear to have a long-term negative effect on adolescent girls but that it does affect girls who already have body image problem. Although, researchers that believe that it doesn’t affect most girls are contradicting themselves when they say it only affects those who already have body image problems because according to National Eating Disorders Association 75% of girls with an average body weight believe they are overweight, which is the majority. Also, 80% of 10 year olds believe they are fat when they are technically not classified as being overweight. T he majority of women are negatively affected by advertising. Advertising has been proven to increase eating disorders in women.
Overview: The Journal of the American Medical Association reports that in 2003-2004, 17.1 percent of US children and adolescents were overweight, with the rates continuing to increase. These children are at an increased risk for developing health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and hypertension. Activity levels for many children have declined because of a built environment that is unsafe for walking and bicycling, the low percentage of children who take physical education in school, and the popularity of sedentary leisure-time activities. Using Safe Routes to School as way to create environment, policy, and behavioral changes is one way to increase physical activity and promote the health of both children and adults. This section highlights academic literature that speaks to the overall health benefits of physical activity, specifically walking to and from school, as well as the impact that increased physical activity opportunities have on current obesity and health trends in the US.
Weight Discrimination; Consequences and Solutions Obesity carries with it one of the last forms of socially acceptable and legal discrimination. Science has documented clear, consistent evidence that overweight people are discriminated against in employment, Puhl, Brownell, (2001). In America two out of three adults are overweight or obese. Weight bias affects millions at a steadily increasing rate. In 1995-1996, weight discrimination was reported by 7% in the United States.
In middle-and low-income countries, cardiovascular disease also contributes much to mortality rate and the number of victims is still increasing. According to WHO (2013), over 80% deaths of CVD take place in developing countries and the possibility that women and men suffer from the disease is equal. CVD is attributed to many factors. First of all, unhealthy diet and use of tobacco and alcohol are two immediate causes. There are also economic causes can be divided into two aspects which are economic globalization and increase of productivity .
It is harder for homosexuals to find and keep positions, and employers often treat them differently. In regards to income, a startling gender disparity exists between homosexual males and females. Males are found to be more likely than females to experience a negative discrimination in which they receive smaller wages than heterosexual males and make overall less income. Females on the other hand, actually have a positive discrimination in which they receive higher incomes than heterosexual females, although this may be explained in part by the fact that they are less likely to have labor force participation interrupted by bearing children. The results, however, are largely inconclusive as many other causes that are not easily isolated, such as ethnicity and health, are involved when comparing homosexuals with heterosexuals and determining economic discrimination.
Violence, obesity, children’s education, life expectancy, mental illness, teen births, trust- all are major problems for societies across the globe, and according to Wilkinson and Pickett, can be attributed to inequality. In their examination of developed countries, they found that inequality, rather than average income, is a far better indicator of wellbeing. Furthermore, the authors posited that nearly all problems that are more prevalent at the bottom of social hierarchies (many are aforementioned) are more common in unequal societies. They suggest that despite a nation’s apparent affluence, wealthy yet unequal nations are nonetheless “social failures” (18). Wilkinson and Pickett explore two of the most common assumptions about the social gradient that shows people at the bottom of social hierarchies suffer more problems- circumstances and individual tendencies.
According to Howarth et al this is due to the perceived lack of sufficient data on this topic, although recent social exclusion (PSE) surveys and reports offer a great scope of the issue. At present there are around 11 million pensioners in the UK: 4 million men and 7 million women. Pensioners make up around 18% of the population and this is an ever increasing statistic as the life expectancy age has risen (ONS, 1999). Not only are the older generations living longer healthier lives, on average the position of pensioners in current society has been improving, for example in the 1980-1990s when pensioners incomes grew by two thirds (DSS, 2002). These changes have enabled greater independence for some