The Human Factors in Man-Machine Interface Failures

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1、Introduction Most systems built today are quite reliable. In many high-risk systems, most of the accidents are due to human error. Human error has become a problem. The interactions between human activities, system organization and equipment are more complex and sophisticated. As the number of subsystems increases and the complexity of the connectivity also increases, nolinear systems become more observable. Even though these subsystems independently are well understood, the full complex system collectively does not properly expand to the same level of understanding. The nonlinear coupling of simple mathematical systems leads to rough behavior. Human error is a symptom of a trouble deeper inside the system. Humans, by their very nature, make mistakes; Therefore,it should come as no surprise that human error has been implicated in a variety of occupational accidents, including70% to 80% of those in civil and military aviation [1]. Over the past 40 years, the proportion of accidents attributable to human error has increased comparative to those attributable to equipment failures. 2、Decision-making and situation awareness The failures of human decision-making are frequently cited in investigations of error in a wide variety of systems. In aviation mishaps, failures in decision- making are cited as a causal factor in approximately 51.6% of all fatal accidents and 35.1% of non-fatal accidents, of the 80-85% of accidents which are generally attributed to human error. While some of these incidents may represent failures in actual decision-making (action selection), a high percentage are actually errors in situation awareness [2]. The accident data of Civil Aviation of China from 1999 to 2008 led to a similar conclusion and more than 75% accidents are related to human error, as shown in Figure1[3]. Fig. 1Accident Factors of Civil Aviation of China from 1999 to2008

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