Additionally, Africans American created an impact on the Great Migration that led to Southern black to move to cities. Du Bois believed that blacks should support the war effort, along with African Americans to strengthen to calls for racial justice. The Great Migration impacted the first World War on African Americans lives by accelerating it, bringing hundreds to thousands blacks of the South to cities of the North. In World War I's outbreak and the drop of European's immigration became a success for blacks by increasing job opportunities, where they received jobs in steel mills, munition plants, and stock yards. Reveals that Southern blacks jumped on trains to move to the cities, hundreds to thousands moved to Chicago, New York, and Philadelphia, in the 1915 to 1925.
White industry owners before this time would find it necessary to hire white workers over black workers in any position, which limited and crippled Blacks in the labor market. Grossman states “the emergence of the physical ghetto coincided with widening racial discrimination in Chicago and other northern cities, which forced blacks to make decisions circumcised by their exclusion from a variety of social and economic institutions. Increasing separation opened new opportunities for business, professional,
This meant that the American workers left their jobs to join the army, which created many job opportunities for black Americans, which were needed especially in the defence industries, which now grew in importance as they had to make supplies for the Army such as guns and tanks. This resulted in a big movement of 6 million black southerners to Northern cities between 1910-1970, such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and Detroit, which then became known as the Great Migration. However, Blacks were given the worst pay. Secondly, the Black Civil Rights organizations grew in membership after the great flow of Black Americans into the Northern cities. The organization of NAACP grew from 50,000 to 450,000 by the end of the war.
While the events described in Arc of Justice were occuring, America was dealing with ever increasing racial tensions. These were not just the typical black and white tensions that many people characterize the time period with, but tensions between self-described “native Americans” and the new waves of immigrants coming over from places such as Ireland and Italy. Sources such as Madison Grant’s The Passing of the Great Race, showcase how these “new immigrants” were perceived as “[the new immigrants are] the weak, the broken and the mentally crippled of all races.” Tensions were building across the country in the early 20th century, with “the widespread notion that hordes of undesirable ethnic minorities were about to swamp the nation’s social structure, destroying the cultural purity and intellectual standards [of America].” (Parrish, Anxious Decades, pg. 111) This narrative blended well with the already existing narrative of the inferiority of african americans, and because of this the two ideas shared many of the same supporters. Had Boyle contextualized the the Sweet trials as part of the greater American racial conflict, he would have made Arc of Justice into a significantly more well-rounded
In this section we are introduced to the golden years of Detroit in the 1940’s, a city that was once thriving on the massive wartime workforce that largely came from migrating blacks from the South, was quickly becoming defined by industrial business relocations, industrial plant terminations, widespread unemployment, lack of housing subsequent to rapid population expansions, and the ramifications that these events had on the local economy in Detroit. Sugrue specifically delves into the housing issues in Detroit that festered due to reluctance of racial integration in the city and the actions taken by wealthier white natives and local government institutions to confine blacks to specific areas of very low quality living spaces. During the wartime efforts, large companies like Ford that were located in Detroit were
How far do you agree that events at Little Rock were the most important for the Civil Rights campaign? During the 1940s – 60s, the South of America was totally segregated, separating the white people from the blacks: from schools and jobs, to travelling and shopping. The Black African American community faced severe hardships during this period, in terms of: lynching, slavery, torture and segregation alone, as racism and discrimination were immense. Due to the unstoppable, horrifying racism portrayed in the USA, the ‘Civil Rights Campaign,’ a campaign which aimed to abolish the main cause of racism and discrimination, begun to expand during the 1950s. While there may have been many who disliked and hated African Americans, the Civil Rights campaigners crafted and cunningly planned tactics to permanently change the opinions of the brain-washed racists using methods and people, such as: Little Rock, Martin Luther King and Rosa parks (bus boycotts) – as source 7 displays R. Parks being arrested for refusing to give up her seat for sitting in the ‘white only seats.’ Racism was also stored in the hearts and minds, which can be identified through Source 3, which shows the two separated sinks that a black and white person would use – the clean, spacious tap for the whites, and the dirty, tiny tap that the black people would use.
WW1 was a turning point in increasing racial equality between black and white Americans to a lesser extent. During WW1 black people made contributions to the war effort by moving north to work in factories making war goods. However violence occurred where they moved as competition with the whites for jobs was rife. In the short term with competition and violence intensifying, the Ku Klux Klan restarted in the south and lynchings became common. It would seem that racial equality had not improved, but worsened.
The USA had mass immigration from1890 onwards and this had an impact on America in multiple ways. There were both positive and negative impacts of the mass immigration. One of the impacts of immigration was that there was a lot of social tension this is because a lot of the immigrants were staying in the big cities. This meant that there was not room for everyone to live comfortably in the same environment, due to this some of the immigrants created ghettos as there were not enough places for them to stay. This also caused the immigrants to stay with their own social group and culture which then caused gangs to form and this lead to gang warfare, this was apparent in big cities such as New York.
During the twentieth century, the most critical mass movement of African American people occurred in history other than the forced migration of slavery. African Americans departed from their homes in droves in search of opportunity. In the early 1900s, most blacks remained in rural areas of the South. It was not until the First World War, which started in 1914, that a decisive change in the racial composition of the nation’s cities came about. According to Elsa Barkley Brown and Thomas C. Holt, editors of Major Problems in African American History, “Between 1910 and 1930 more than a million African American men, women, and children left their homes in the south and took up residence in mostly urban areas throughout the country” (126).
All of these issues helped to shape the American nation and its people. After the Civil War, the development of improved industrial methods and the arrival of masses of immigrants eager for factory jobs launched a new era of mass production in the United States. The nation turned its efforts toward economic recovery and expansion. America's abundant supply of natural resources, such as coal and oil, encouraged investment. Much of this investment came from already industrialized countries like Germany, Great Britain, and France whose business owners looked for new investment opportunities in the United States.