When the Hundred Years War broke out, both side decided to use their ability to tax the church granted to the kings by the church as a repayment for the crusades. When the church refused to pay France, they kidnapped Pope Boniface VIII. The Pope died soon after his rescue and the cardinals elected a French pope so as not to stir trouble again. But instead of moving to Rome, the new Pope Clement V stayed in Avignon. A new string of Popes would settle in Avignon for the next 70 years where the French kings were able to maintain a firm hold on the papacy.
The military expeditions planned and fought by western European Christians that began around 1095 are known today as the Crusades. The main purpose of these expeditions was to overtake and gain control of the Holy Land, Jerusalem, Pope Urban II initiated the first crusade. On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban preached to his followers outside the city of Clermont-Ferrand about the action, which needed to take place. Preaching words about how God wouledition. Small groups began to form, each planning their own path to Constantinople; that was where they would meet.
Chapter 4 The Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) In October 1202, 200 ships set sail from the lagoon of Venice, and leading these 200 ships was the state galley of Doge Enrico Dandolo, the elected ‘duke of the Venetian Republic. He was above 80 years old and almost blind but still undimmed in vigor and ability. The goal of the Fourth Crusade was to win back the Holy City of Jerusalem that had been taken by Islamic armies in the past. This crusade had a different plan, to attack Egypt, the base of Muslim power. But sadly, instead the crusade was headed in a completely different direction.
There are accounts of a speech made by Pope Urban II however, these were all written after the success of the first crusade so it is not, necessarily, reliable. What is clear is that it was very successful as it led to 40,000 crusaders marching their way across Europe to help and rescue the Holy land. Urban promised
[1] The loss of the territory of Jerusalem in the summer of 1244 had unravelled the unexpected success of the Sixth Crusade and as a result King Louis IX of France, as a devout Christian, wished to travel to the East to reclaim the lost Christian lands. It was the combination of a grave illness, the desire to follow the Capetian tradition and the events that had taken place in the East which compelled Louis IX to take the cross in December 1244. The Seventh Crusade, however, did not reach Jerusalem as Louis IX was forced to return to France due to the troubles in his own kingdom. [2] In spite of such failures, the fall of Antioch in 1268 inspired the courageous king to return to the East. While figures such as Louis IX and Jean de Joinville were motivated by the actions of their predecessors, further Christians felt compelled to join the crusading movement as they believed in the idea of the crusade as a ‘penance rewarded by the indulgence.’[3] The political climate of Western Europe in 1245 did not, however, favour the implementation of a new crusade.
In order for corporations to make money, they produced things related to the rising popular culture. [3] The rise of this new culture was due to an increase of cities, rise of a consumer society, and the change in morals and behavior. [4] During the twenties, more than half of the population lived in cities. New social classifications were created: laborers and managers, blue collar and white. [5] There was also a rise of leisure time, emergence of an urban middle class, technological advances, and an increase of wages.
The First Crusade and the Propagation of Religion The First Crusade was a military attempt by Roman Catholic Europe to regain control over the Holy Lands of Jerusalem, in which the Muslims had taken control of in 661. During this crusade, knights and peasants from many areas of Western Europe went on this pilgrimage, first stopping at Constantinople and then continuing on to Jerusalem. In the group of crusaders, the peasants greatly out numbered the military knights. Many crusaders did not make it the long journey, and the lasting crusaders were mostly the knights, as they were better trained and prepared for such combat. Once the Knights reached Jerusalem, they took control by ransacking every building and torturing and killing almost all of the 60,000 unarmed civilians living in Jerusalem.
The main purpose of the company is to help increase England's coffers. Our voyage to Virginia started on July 4, 1699. The voyage was forty-six days long, and very difficult. I decided to uproot my family, and leave England for two main reasons. First was to escape the obvious corruption of the Catholic Church.
Explorer Christopher Columbus arrived in the Caribbean islands in 1492, sparking a wave of exploration that would have extreme consequences for the people who lived there at that time. His encounters in the Americas with Native Americans started a repetitive cycle of encounter, conquest, and death throughout the Western Hemisphere. Columbus first had very friendly relationships with the Taino people, but that soon changed. The Tainos offended the Spanish and failed to pay proper respect to Christian symbols and Columbus felt he had authority over them and could decide their fate. The Spanish forced Native Americans to convert to Christianity.
He had complete power and with that power he forced Catholicism and raised taxes on the bourgeoisie to give money to the nobility and the clergy. The French people revolted after he passed the “July Ordinance” which made free press illegal and got rid of his legislators. After Charles X fled, the people elected Luis-Philippe as king. At first the people liked him, but eventually the economy worsened and he had to raise taxes. The people didn’t like that, so they revolted once again in 1848.