The Destruction of the Rainforest

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The destruction of the rainforest is a global problem. Commercial forestry is a relatively new venture in the tropics. It is usually controlled by trans-nationals based overseas which look for an immediate economic profit and have little thought for the long-term future or the environment. The United Nations suggests that over of the half of the world’s forests were cleared during the last millennium and that the present rate of clearance is 102 000 km2 annually. Of this, 94 000 km2 is in developing countries located in the tropical areas of Africa, South America and South-east Asia where rates of replanting are minimal. The underlying causes of deforestation in developing countries are varied. Key issues include unsustainable levels of consumption; the effects of national debt; pressure for increased trade and development; poverty; patterns of land ownership; and growing populations and social relationships. Rainforest deforestation is caused by commercial interests: the logging, cattle, agricultural development, mining, hydroelectric, and other industries. Today these industries are mostly dependent on the one-time exploitation of forest areas and moving on to new patches after those immediate resources have been depleted. These industries are often encouraged by impoverished governments in search of quick and easy revenue. These governments look to the forest as a means of bringing in foreign currency to pay off their debts and to improve their economy in the short term—overlooking the depletion of these important natural capital assets. In doing so, these governments may be slowing future growth and further impoverishing future generations. Early in the 20th century, 40 per cent of Ethiopia was forested. Today the figure is 11 per cent. In 1901, a traveller described Ethiopia as being ‘most fertile and in the heights of commercial prosperity with the whole of

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