The Design History of the de Haviland Comet I

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The Design History of the de Havilland Comet I Neil Douglas Adams Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract The de Havilland Comet I was the pride of British aviation engineering design and was first used by the British Overseas Airways Corporation as the flagship of the airline’s routes. The Comet I made history in 1952 by becoming the world’s first commercial airliner to be powered by jet engines. A series of deadly accidents involving Comets led to a question of the airworthiness of the aircraft. The two most serious accidents which occurred in 1954 were of the Comet G-ALYP near Elba, Italy and of Comet G-ALYY near Naples, Italy. A Court of Inquiry was held and the accident investigation was given to the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. By using debris recovered from the Elba crash and using a known good airframe to do pressurized hull testing in a water tank, the causes of these accidents were traced to structural failure around the square windows and ADF antenna mounts due to metal fatigue. The Comet fleet was grounded while the lessons learned from these crashes were implemented into the next generation of Comets. Unfortunately for de Havilland, Boeing had taken the findings from the investigation and applied them to jet aircraft still on the drawing board. These improvements in metallurgy and design aided Boeing in dominating the world market in producing commercial jet aircraft that were larger and had longer ranges than the Comet. The Design History of the de Havilland Comet I The beginning of the Comet stemmed from a recognized need from the Brabazon Committee that Britain should develop airliners for post World War 2 use that were new in design in and operation as compared to the conventional American transport planes currently in wide spread use. As the end of World War 2 neared, most of the development and production of

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