Re-urbanisation is the movement of people and economic activities back into city centres which had been experiencing a decline of population. This occurs in MEDCs by the process of Urban Decay which is where the city falls into disrepair. In LEDCs however it usually occurs by squatter settlements where regeneration is most needed. This essay will highlight the different types of re-urbanisation and the impacts as well including gentrification, city challenge and sustainable communties. The first re-urbanisation example is Gentrification which is the in-movement by individuals into older housing that was before in disrepair.
They believe in making better on product availability and inventory, the real risk that the customers take their basket elsewhere when there are items out of stock will be reduced. However, there are few factors which greatly affected the company’s total revenue. One of the factors is the continued store expansion activities. Each additional store may take away sales from the existing units. That’s why the Walmart management started to plan a slower new store growth, so that the impact of new stores on comparable store sales will be stabilizing over time.
This is a problem because more people create more waste which needs to be disposed of; also increased car ownership e.g. there are 30 million more cars on the road in the UK today than there was in 1950. There are schemes in place which have been set up to manage the impacts of urban growth and create sustainability for future generations. However, the schemes are often the easiest and cheapest in the short term e.g. disposing of waste in landfill sites rather than the more sustainable.
Following their decline, these areas have undergone regeneration or revitalisation projects. However, the outcome for each varies and I shall assess these variations in order to explain why ‘despite efforts to change the situation, their problems tend to persist’ is both a valid and void statement. The statement deduces that ‘areas of urban decline tend to be fairly clearly defined’. Urban decline is generally the result of loss of industry and cities with industrial heritage are therefore greatly affected. In fact, due to loss of industry, between 1960 and 1981, more than 1.6 million manufacturing jobs were lost in the UK.
Evaluate the success or otherwise of urban regeneration schemes in combating the causes and consequences of urban decline (40 marks) Urban decline is caused by many factors including the development of the suburbs, leading to migration of the upper and middle class workers but is mostly effected by de-industrialisation, resulting in big corporations leaving the region, taking skilled workers and trade with them and causing large scale unemployment. This can cause an even bigger spiral of decline as low income levels mean people can’t afford high quality housing, education or health and then investment into the area starts to leave which leaves the infrastructure to crumble and social standards start to slip. Therefore, to help encourage development in these areas, the government and the people often create schemes to help regenerate the area. One cause of urban decline is the emigration of workers out of an area usually into the suburbs in a search for a nicer environment and better quality of living. This can often lead to the abandonment of buildings which soon become overgrown and derelict.
A high population density lowers the quality of life as there is little open space for people to take walks and to breathe in fresh air. In the Inner City the infrastructure is more established as the population density is higher and so the threshold is high enough for shops and businesses nearby, in the CBD. Whereas the threshold is not high enough on the rural-urban fringe as the range is higher, the occupants are usually more willing to travel to the centre of town to get their goods, this may be because they commute to work and so may already travel past a shop on the way. The majority of the major towns and cities have built themselves up by the industry meaning that there was a lot of work and business in the CBD. This is still the case,
Also different age groups may feel that they cant use certain amenities as they don’t feel welcome there. Inequalities can also be found with the local shops. Shops who have been there for many years find it hard when bigger retail stores move in. as they have more money and resources to make the items that they sell cheaper etc. Here are a few examples I found of the above inequalities in and around City Road.
Not giving loans and mortgages results in Barclays having less money flowing through the business this is a big problem in the UK as this is what they are doing. India is developing and allowing more loans and mortgages which means more money flowing through the company. The economic stability of the UK and India is different. Stability in the UK is low, every day more and more companies have to close down because they are not making enough money, this is
Group name: Team Rainbow Group members: * Aishworaya Bhandarayi * Evwaraye Emmanuel * Ovidiu-Petru Marian * Ji Xiao Yang * Sattor Ashurov Module: SQSM Table of content 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Case study background 3.0 Results and discussions 4.0 Quality and Strategy 5.0 Summary 6.0 Conclusion and Recommendations 1.0 Introduction Following the global economic recession, the behavior of customers of UK’s big retail supermarkets has changed. While some of the supermarkets are experiencing a dip in sales, others are increasing overwhelmingly. Shoppers are now seeking both quality and lower prices. As the retail environment becomes incredibly competitive, the ability to satisfy shoppers in terms of product quality, product range, shopping environment and pricing has become a major challenge facing managers of the big supermarkets in the UK. For the first time ever, Aldi has been voted the UK’s top supermarket, according to the annual which?
The gentrification of inner city areas caused many areas to become more upscale over decades, so there are many poor people living amongst the rich. The influx of high-earning residents in neighborhoods reputably known as home to many who live off of welfare has caused rent in those areas to skyrocket. That upturn in the housing market in those areas signifies that in order to keep the lower income residents in the same location, the British government would have to pay more for their rent. This costs middle-class, working, taxpaying citizens to pay higher taxes, most of whom could not afford living in those areas themselves since the flood of upper class homes in the poorer inner city areas. Many in the UK are up in arms over the subject, as over 70% of people support a bill that would cap the amount the government would dole out to each resident each month for rent.