The Pope led a similar role to the Roman Emperor; he led wars, controlled taxes, gave others power, and gave out land. Because Catholoism was the main religion in the Roman Empire, following the fall of Rome, many Romans felt tied to only their religion. This led to the Roman Catholic Church having a wide based group of followers who would do anything to be seen as good and eventually go to heaven. This is illustrated in the Crusades, a series of Holy Wars, where the pope was able to use the population of Western Europe’s fear of not going to heaven and manipulating it. Telling them that whatever they do in the name of the holy land and church will be overlooked by God.
The Crusades were informed by new ideals that came about by the change from monastic ideals to ideals of chivalry and of a knightly class. The West wanted to protect Jerusalem and protect fellow Christians living in the Islamic world. There was also a growing threat by Seljuk Turks who were moving close to Byzantium. Both objectives lead the Pope, abbots, kings and every day people to desire warfare for what the west saw as a holy war. Yet the church would have to find a way to advocate for the crusade as violence was a crime.
A.M.D.G A.M.D.G People involved in the Crusade and why they were important Pope Gregory VII said that sinful people were the reason why Jerusalem fell into the hands of the Muslim , so in 1704 he tried to assemble a group of knights know as the ‘milites sancti petri’ ( the knights of saint Peter) to implement papal policy . He also used the writings of Saint Augustine of Hippo (354-430) it was possible to build a case whereby Christian violence could be commanded by God through his representative on earth – the Pope and if performed in the right circumstances . Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor – Henry VI assumed his seat as king and holy roman emperor when he was declared of age in 1605 and since he was poorly educated during his childhood amidst the governmental tumult and was consumed by the desire to rule, bringing little wisdom to the throne at 15. Henry found himself spread thin
He created an anti- Muslim feeling by writing they were an “accursed race, a race wholly alienated from God.” Pope Urban accused them of “violently invading the lands of the Christians and [depopulating] them by pillage and fire.” The Pope further described them as taking Christians captive and torturing them. Finally, he attempted to incite Christians by describing how Muslims destroyed churches or turned them into mosques.
Before delving into his arguments, Shepkaru repeated the most popular theories of modern historians like Robert Chazan, Jonathan Riley-Smith, and many others as to what were the root causes of the violence against the European Jews. Robert Chazan debates that the Crusaders were driven by “religious idealism” which was blended with a “distorted” version of Pope Urban II’s message; whereas, Jonathan Riley-Smith opines that the Crusaders were so blinded by “religious idealism” that they could not even identify the true enemy from a Muslim or Jew. Taken from Dana Munro and H.E.J Cowdrey, Shepkaru utilizes Pope Urban II’s speech as a backdrop for this scenario.
Crusades essay The Crusades, the Great Schism, and the Hundred Year War all contributed to the downfall of the Middle Ages or the Dark ages in a very big way. They were all very expensive, they all had a lot of soldiers and people killed, and they all got the empires and countries nowhere. They were all dumb things that selfish kings caused to get more wealth. The corrupt church had a big part in this as well. The church was cause for some of this to because people killed and went to war because they felt it was their duty to the church.
Each pope excommunicated his rival's followers and courted kings for support, thus starting a rift within the Church that made an already uneasy situation worse. The problem was not resolved until 1417, when the Council of Constance restored order to the papacy. Significant damage to the prestige of the papacy, however, remained and helped set
The Crusades were a series of holy wars fought between the Christian and the Muslim for control of Jerusalem and the area near it. However, while salvation and redemption in the eyes of God were major reasons for starting these crusades as seen in doc. 1 and 2 which promise absolution of the sins of the fighters, there were many secular reasons for fighting the Crusades which include possessing more prosperous land which is exemplified in doc. 6 and 7. Doc.
The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192 A.D.) was just one of a series of religious wars fought between Muslims in the Middle East and European Christians to take control of the Holy City of Jerusalem. This Third Crusade is unique because of the two iconic leaders that led each side of the conflict. These two leaders were King Saladin, the Sultan of Egypt led the Islamic forces to defend Jerusalem from King Richard I of England, who was trying to retake the Holy City in the name of Christianity. Throughout history, chroniclers and historians portray these two leaders as charismatic, honorable, virtuous, chivalrous, among other magnanimous adjectives. Along with this very flattering portrayal, the history and chronicles portray these men in such ways, they almost seem mythical in nature; that they can do things beyond the capabilities of most “normal” men.
Malcolm X’s Transformation Malcolm X is a man who changed the history of America. Malcolm X preached on what he believed about racism, discrimination, and segregation. He went through many changes in his fight for equality. The three transformations that really changed the way Malcolm X thought and preached where his transformation in prison, his transformation into the Islamic religion and the biggest transformation of all, his pilgrimage to Mecca. In all of Malcolm X actions, teachings and transformations thought us different points of views and gave us a good look at different aspects of events.