Do you agree with the view that the main cause of the Anglo-Irish conflict of 1919-21 was nationalist extremism? To an extent, it can be argued that the main cause of the Anglo-Irish conflict was nationalist extremism. Hepburn (S7) particularly addresses this argument as he assesses the 'blood sacrifice' as 'rapid' and 'deliberate', supported by S9, which describes the Irish Volunteers being entitled to use 'all legitimate methods of warfare if necessary' . However it can also be argued that the fault lay with the British government's ignorance and misunderstanding of Ireland and the Irish people, as Medlicott (S8) points out that the limits of what Britain would offer was ' firm' and that Irelands armed forces were a 'dangerous weapon', which in turn, combined with their violent reprisals towards the IRA, alienated many of the Irish public, and deepened the Irish Conflict as well as being arguably, as much of a 'main cause' of the conflict as extreme nationalists. S7 also highlights the importance of the conscription crisis, which can be argued to be a result of British ignorance, or the manipulation and stirring up by the revolutionary party Sinn Fein which also had a key role in the conflict.
How successful was David Lloyd George and the British Government in dealing with the Irish question in 1918 – 1922? David Lloyd George and the British Government faced many issues during the years between 1918 – 1922. After having to postpone the Irish Home Rule Bill 1912 due to WW1, it left DLG and the British Government in a sticky situation once the war ended. Ireland was on the verge of a huge Civil War and they knew that it had to be resolved very soon. Despite this issue, DLG and the British Government set in place a range of Acts and treaty’s in order to successfully resolve this issue.
Source W is very similar due to the fact that it blames Germany’s strengthening of the military and navy to a large extent, however proclaims their ‘peaceful intentions’; whereas source X dwarfs Germany’s contributions as a state, placing more responsibility for the outbreak of war on Austria-Hungary. Even though I believe that aggressive German Foreign policy was a huge and significant factor as to why the war grew so much geographically and became so violent, like source X, I believe that the real cause of the outbreak of the war in 1914 was Austria-Hungary and their policies in the Balkans. Aggressive German foreign policy is considered by many historians the main cause of the outbreak of war in 1914 due to their military and naval expansion which had taken place since the early 1900s. As source V suggests, the Germans ‘felt encircled’ by members of the triple entente, their only ally being revealed as Austria-Hungary at the Algeciras Conference where they were the only other country (aside from Morocco) to vote in their favour. Germany’s relations with other Great Powers had started to deteriorate since the battle for expansion of
There were 3 resolutions put forward and the third one which was in relation to including Catholics in reform that was achieved was defeated. It was in response to the attitudes by the Dissenters that An Argument on Behalf of the Catholics of Ireland was written and published in 1791. This pamphlet which was one of the most revolutionary of his time had brought Wolfe Tone 'into immediate relations' with the principal Catholic leaders in Dublin. The document was aimed at the Ulster Dissenters. Tone wanted to convince the dissenters that they along with the Catholics had but one common
On Easter Monday, the 24th April 1916, almost a year before the Russian revolution, the Irish Citizen Army, and the Irish Volunteers, started a rebellion against Imperial British rule in Ireland with the intention of setting set up an Irish Republic or in the case of James Connelly a Socialist Irish republic. The background to this rebellion was the centuries of oppressive rule of the Irish by British imperialists. This uprising was subsequently viewed by many as the start of the Irish war of independence. James Connelly, an Irish trade Union leader who had strong revolutionary socialist views became committed to both freeing Ireland of British rule as well as setting up a Socialist Irish Republic. In 1916 Connelly was the General Secretary of the Irish Transport and General Workers Union as well as military commander of the Irish Citizens Army.
These can be categorised into long term reasons and short term reasons. The most significant short term reason to why the war broke out was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in Austria. This contributed to the war a lot and was the spark that started it off. There were many long term reasons too, but the most important ones were Imperialism, Militarism, nationalism and alliances. These influenced the war majorly and were the main explanation to why large quantities of countries were prepared for it when it took place in 1914.
How is the growth of Sinn Fein, from fringe revolutionary organization to provisional government, best explained? The growth of Sinn Fein from a fringe revolutionary organization to a provision government can be put down to a multitude of factors, including tactics taken, its anti-war stance, its association with the Easter Rising and the poor policies of the British Government. These allowed the organization to play the rest of Great Britain and Ireland and ultimately raise national consciousness for themselves, and consequently becoming and provisional government. The tactics employed by the Sinn Fein movement was vital in their growth to becoming a provisional government. The act of tactical and dubious voting was an essential part of the tactics used by Sinn Fein to sustain growth into a substantial political group.
An important event in the history of Ireland began on the 24th of April 1916 when the Irish Citizens Army and the Irish Republican Brotherhood staged a rebellion against the British Army in Dublin, also known as the Easter Rising. The long-term causes of the Easter Rising were origins of the resentment of British rule in Ireland. These included the revenge of anti-Catholic Protestant Oliver Cromwell, the Great Potato Famine, which first began in 1845, as well as the largest plantation in Ulster. The short term causes included the Third Home Rule Bill in 1912, the Ulster Volunteers, the Irish National Volunteers and the outbreak of World War 1. The consequences of this event were, first of all, that the rebellion was a failure, the execution of Martyrs, the emergence of Sinn Fein, the establishment of the Dail, as well as the Anglo-Irish War.
The Germans had come to the table hoping to hear Wilson saying, “the equality of nations upon which peace much be founded on if it is to last must be an equality of rights..” (German Peace Delegation, p. 76) Instead they were hit with several Billion reichmarks in reparations, a reduced military and many other limitations politically, economically, militarily and territory wise (The Versailles Treaty, 1918). Germany was to blame for the war, as were all of Europe. However the old adage, to the victor goes the spoils. With such documents as the Zimmerman Note, one can only speculate on the terms handed down by a victorious
Target A01a: Ability to recall, select and deploy historical knowledge accurately, and communicate knowledge and understanding of history in a clear and effective manner. Target A01b: Ability to present historical explanations showing understanding of appropriate concepts and arrive at substantiated judgements. (2007) ‘Without the outbreak of the First World War, the Easter Rising of 1916 would not have taken place’. How far would you accept this statement? Introduction The Great War was critical for a number of reasons, not least for providing the opportunity to Irish Republicans seeking to rebel against British rule in Ireland.