Ivan the “Not So” Terrible Ivan IV, know as Ivan the Terrible, is most known for his brutal ruling and centralizing Russia. He was born in Moscow on August 25, 1530, the oldest son of Vasilij III. Ivan’s father, Vasilij Glinsky, died when he was only three and his mother took the throne. His mother, Yelena Glinskaya was leading the territory that noble family owned, but it soon capsized into intrigue, and violence as rival nobles fought over who would rule Glinsky Family. Yelena died in 1538 and misrule continued.
It it over-simplistic to state that opposition was successful or unsuccessful in Russia from 1855 and 1964. The effectiveness of opposition in Russia had to be evaluated according to the regime in power. For example, the opposition to Tsarism under Alexander II was unsuccessful as his assassination led to reactionary Tsarist rule for thirty six more years. However, the opposition under Nicholas II’s rule was highly successful, helping to lead to a communist government. All Russian governments in this period faced strong opposition to their regime with the period as a whole punctuated by riots, disturbances and revolutions.
Henry was exposed to the pull of the factions but a new aristocratic approach to the government strengthened the conservative faction however with the arrest of Duke of Norfolk (1547) and the dismissal of Gardiner from the Privy Chamber the reformists gained the much needed advantage . This shows that there was a threat to the stability of the government as Henrys most trusted councillors seemed to become more radically involved in the faction rivalry during the last 8 years of Henrys reign. This may have added pressure on Henry and his deteriorating health thus he may have not been able
How far were the ambitions of Richard Duke of York responsible for the instability in England in the years 1455 to 1460? (30 Marks) In the years following the first battle of St Albans and leading up to the death of Richard Duke of York, his ambitions changed through time. This ranged from him wanting to be heir to King Henry’s throne to him wanting to get rid of Henry’s son Edward so that he could claim the throne for himself. In the battles between these two time periods, we see that Richard’s ambitions not only changed but were partially to blame for the breakdown of the structure within England. At this time Henry was experiencing mental fluctuations, his wife Margaret of Anjou was influencing his decisions and the division within the nobility all contributed to the instability of England economically, socially and politically.
Henry V (1086–1125), great-grandson of Conrad II, became Holy Roman Emperor in 1106 in the midst of a civil war. Hoping to gain complete control over the church inside the Empire, Henry V appointed Adalbert of Saarbrücken as the powerful archbishop of Mainz in 1111. Adalbert began to assert the powers of the Church against secular authorities, that is, the Emperor. This precipitated the "Crisis of 1111", part of the long-term Investiture Controversy. [23] In 1137 the magnates turned back to the Hohenstaufen family for a candidate, Conrad III.
The Cry of Dolores marked the beginning of the long and bloody Mexican War of Independence, which would not conclude until 1821. Millions were killed or displaced in this long conflict. During his trial, Hidalgo seemed to understand what he had wrought and recanted his actions, perhaps foreseeing the bloodbath to come. The Cry of Dolores was the spark that ignited the tinderbox of long pent-up resentment of the Spanish in Mexico. Taxes had been raised to pay for fiascoes like the disastrous (for Spain) 1805 Battle of Trafalgar and in 1808 Napoleon invaded Spain, deposed the king and placed his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the throne.
There are several reasons and causes for the wars, including growing religious tensions, weak monarchs, foreign intervention, the role of Catherine de Medici and the existence of weak Kings coupled with strong Nobles. These factors provided shaky foundations, which, when confronted with a collapsing economy, led to rebellion and civil war. One of the most important reasons for war in the second half of the century was the existence of weak kings. During the first half of the century, France was led by domineering Monarchs, who kept control with an authoritarian style. In addition, the wars only ended when a strong King returned to the Throne; Henry IV after the ninth war.
The Great Schism (Overview) The Great Schism that occurred in the Catholic Church between 1378 and 1417 saw rival popes contend for papal authority. The schism greatly added to existing problems within the Church and did much to further divide a European continent already burdened with war and disease. It began in AD 1378 with the election of Pope Urban VI, who, upon his election, began a series of reforms that greatly upset a largely French College of Cardinals. In anger, they elected their own pope and removed to France. Each pope excommunicated his rival's followers and courted kings for support, thus starting a rift within the Church that made an already uneasy situation worse.
The Abbasid dynasty came to power as the third of the Islamic caliphates through a religiously and politically motivated movement “on the River Zab, south of Mosul in northern Iraq, in February 750”. Economic, political and social grievances, such for example like high taxation, discrimination of Non-Arabs and an unfair administration has led to the Umayyads’ collapse, whose seat of the Caliphate was in Damascus, and the Abbasids’ rise of power. The Abbasids won the encouragement of the Shiite Muslims against the Umayyad rule by temporarily converting to Shia Islam. But as soon as the Abbasids managed to gain the power they embraced the Sunni Islam and disavowed any support for the Shia beliefs which lead to many conflicts. The Abbasid era saw the full integration of new converts, both Arab and Non-Arab into the Islamic community.
These unequal treaties were decided and embedded in 1854 in the convention of Kanagawa, signed by Perry and Abe Masahiro the chief senior councillor of the Shogunate’s government, who acted against the Emperor Komei ‘s will, who was against the opening (KEENE 2004, p 11). Komei’s refusal split the Shogunate and the court and it began a decade full of political intrigue, negotiation and military actions and violence. Between these two parties were many local domains, all trying to achieve the best for their land. One of them was the Aizu domain, which was deeply involved in the political field of tension and their dealings and participation played a major role during that time, especially before and during the Hamaguri incident in 1864. The Aizu domain (Han) was located in the western part of today’s Fukushima prefecture.