Vondessa Peters-Marcano Student number100177622 Critical Thinking to Scholarly Writing NURS 1072 January 31st ,2012 Drugs, whether prescribed or illegal have been a vital part in the lives of many people. As many people would acknowledge, stimulants have been the most widely used and abused in the history of medicine. One type of drugs that has generated controversy in recent times is the so-called “smart drugs”. These drugs are known to lower fatigue and increase the concentration and alertness in individuals. An article appearing in The Economist on smart drugs seems to insinuate that it is high time that the free use of these drugs is encouraged.
Another danger is that of misinformation, with the National Pain Foundation (2008) finding that the media confuses issues surrounding the addictive properties of painkilling drugs, leading to chronic under-treatment of pain. An aspect of media, advertisements, can be used to sell alcohol or cigarettes, whereby the media portrays people who drink to be sophisticated. Up to the 80’s, adverts also said that people that smoke were glamorous and successful. Chapman (1982) found that underage
Formulate a verbal hypothesis statement concerning cross addictions, substitute addictions, and addiction transfer. Psychologists have helped to expose the struggles of addicts; no longer is recovery a major issue on the journey to sobriety, but the resistance to avoid new addictions is an additional struggle plaguing their lives. Addiction is a brain disease. Charles Graham, the program manager at Sober Living by the Sea (an addiction treatment center) states, “When a person gets clean and sober from one drug and then encounters stress or anxiety, the probability of resorting to another drug having the same effect” (Vivo, 2012). The transference of one addiction (like alcoholism) to another addiction (such as drug addiction) is known as addiction transfer in the discipline of psychology.
This is a sample essay to put on the website. some responsibility, I overindulged on the pharmaceutical front, I drank deeply on the rotgut of life, but I really don’t think it’s all my fault.” (Quarrington 22). This exhibits Desmond’s intelligence to realize he has a problem but not take responsibility for his actions. According to soberpursuit.com, an informative website to those trying to quit their addiction, state that most addicted drug users usually deny the fact that they have a problem and try to convince themselves that it is not their fault. The fact that Desmond hints to his drug problem so early in the novel give the reader a sense of suspense as to what happened in the fast to make him the drug addict that he was to date.
Genetics can help explain addiction, the genetic explanation of addiction focuses on the fact that an individual may have gene which makes them more susceptible to pursue addictive behaviours e.g. drug taking. The A1 variant of the DRD2 gene has been linked with the initiation addiction. People with the A1 variant are said to have few dopamine receptors as a result Noble refers to the gene as the "reward gene", this is because dopamine is a neurotransmitter which we associate with reward and pleasure. Alcohol/drugs can increase the level of dopamine (this compensates for the lack of dopamine receptors in individuals with A1 variant of the DRD2 gene).
Once the drugs have become the most important part of your life is when you start down the long road of addiction. When Jerry was asked about his stance on drugs he responded with, "all kinds of drugs have been useful to me, and they also definitely been a hindrance to me. So far as I'm concerned the results are not in." Jerry believes that psychedelics can be a very positive thing and has showed him a whole other universe, but he also goes on
After a while, users need higher doses to get the same effect. This leads to dependence and addiction for those users of the drug. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 43 percent of ecstasy users become dependent on the drug. Users are aware of the negative consequences of ecstasy, but their dependence on it prevents them from stopping to use the drug. However, Ecstasy is used medicinally to relieve victims of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
However, it was very beneficial for an adolescent to have support from others when recovering, along with encouragement, comfort and guidance. The definition of addiction is the state of being enslaved to a habit/practice or to something that is psychologically or physically habit forming (such as drugs, alcohol, other narcotics, etc. ); to such an extent that its cessation can cause severe trauma (Merriam- Webster’s, 2000). There are many different types of addictions, from drug addiction to alcohol addiction to even small addictions (such as a shoe or shopping addiction), but for this paper, it will involve drug addiction in adolescence from the early stages to their later years. Drug addiction in adolescence has been an ongoing problem for a number of years
However, Purdue Pharma still denies OxyContin to be addictive. Its introduction has been a great economic success for Purdue Pharma and now accounts for eighty percent of the company’s total business (Goode and Inciardi 2). Because it has become popular with drug abusers, OxyContin has received a lot of unwanted attention by the media. As of March 1, 2007, prescription drug abuse will exceed other forms of illegal narcotics used worldwide (Kole 1). The pharmaceutical drug OxyContin is developed to be a very potent pain reliever used by patients with chronic illnesses, although, many users have developed extreme problems caused by the drug’s highly addictive nature.
This experiment on studying how family characteristics correlate with teenage heroin abuse is scientifically relevant. Some researchers say the underlying cause of teenage heroin abuse is first and foremost the family, while other researchers say that abuse is cause by psychological factors and a low educational drive. All of these theorists would disagree on which one of these factors is the main cause of teenage heroin abuse. Since there is a discrepancy, this research question was developed in order to find what the main cause of teenage heroin abuse is. When finding an answer to the research question, it will put a stop to the inconsistency of previous