Explain why Alexander II introduced further reforms after the emancipation edict of 1861 Emancipation opened many opportunities for further reforms and forced a change in the structure of the Russian society. Serfdom was abolished and the nobility could no longer control them which led to light being shed on other problems in society such as the law, industry and also the military. The most important reason for the introduction of further reforms is that they were a reasonable response to the emancipation of the serfs, but only in short term. The emancipation act gave the serfs power to control their own lives instead of being dictated by people of a higher status, such as the nobility. For this, rural councils known as the Zemstvas were set up in 1864 which offered the serfs a representative government; but they were mostly dominated by the nobility and professionals and many of them resented their loss of power over the serfs.
Following after that was the Han dynasty. The ruling class was mainly emperors on top and then soldiers and ending up with the peasants at the very bottom. Trade helped gain new territories and advance to new lands. The Great Wall of China was being built at this time to keep out the barbarians. The barbarians were on attack to take over China.
The areas to investigate include political, economic, social and military reforms from the Russian government in order to see if they are ‘reluctant reformers’ or not. Socially, Alexander II introduced arguably the most radical reform in 1861 by emancipating the serfs and granting peasants freedom. This is by far the reform that affected the population most widely in the period – by granting this, peasants were allowed to own themselves in body and soul and could dictate their own lives as far as they could. Class bias was reduced and education was given more widely across Russia, regardless of social standing. This certainly fights against the view that Alexander II was reluctant in his reforms on the surface – however, once investigated, the limits of emancipation are clear.
Explain why in the years 1906 to 1911, Stolypin attempted to reform agriculture. (12 marks) Stolypin attempted to reform agriculture for many reasons, one of the most important being to strengthen tsarist autocracy. He strongly believed that the future of Russia depended on building a prosperous peasantry. There was widespread rural poverty but an upper class of peasant that farmed efficiently and were wealthier, they were known as the Kulaks. Stolypin believed that the encouragement of a class such as the Kulaks would make them hostile to further change therefore more conservative and loyal to the Tsar as the Tsar had made them wealthy.
Although these were dimensions they were hoping to achieve, “modernization was incompatible with Chinese traditional culture” (Keping, 158). Traditional Chinese culture is focused on the significant importance of family. Jung states in his article, Traditional Chinese Culture, that the “family stability is attained through a patriarchal structure.” The roles are determined by age, sex, and generational status (Jung, 89). The traditional families are large, however, the modern day government, People’s Republic of China, encourages small families through financial incentives (Jung, 90). Blind Shaft is an emotional and dramatic account of the lives of two nomadic coal miners, Song and Tang.
All in all, Maria Theresa strongly limited the nobility’s influence, both over the peasants and over the government. During Louis XIV’s reign of France, the nobility of the state was even more so affected than that of Russia’s. Louis complicated and flooded their lives with great parties, gossip and other preoccupations, with which to keep them busy. He was said to be the first ruler with complete domestication of the noble class, which means that he controlled the nobility like one would control a pet. Louis’ state of France complete with possibly the most ornate palace ever built, Versailles, truly showed that an absolutist state ruler was able to rule anything and everything, even the most elitist
In addition, the other being from 770 B.C. to 221 B.C., which is known as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty at the time. The Zhou had a very big part in helping Chinese’s cultivation which steered to the cultural consistency, and there central government. During the Zhou, the country was alienated into the highest ranking to the lower ranking of the commanding officers. Some saw the peasants as a free man, but other saw them as nothing but slaves.
The reservations were not set on the best land; those were given to white Americans. These grounds could not be harvested and due to corruption settlers driving them even further away into smaller reservations constantly invaded them. Continuous struggles continue to cause the Indian’s numbers to dwindle and their culture to almost vanish. The main standard of living as a tribe that has greatly helped them to survive was now being replaced by the individualism of new American ideals. In accordance with the Native Nations website, one example of the terrible conditions the Indians had to live under the U.S government and the reservations took place in May of 1868 when at the Bosque Redondo Reservation two-thousand Indians perished and
Compared to the relatively easy access of property at the beginning of his life, when Anthony Johnson died, his property was seized by the government because he was considered to be an outsider due to the color of his skin. Thus, as slavery proceeded further in time in the American political and economic system, racism followed. It was not the other way around. Therefore, since it is known that racism was not a direct link to slavery, it must be argued that the only logical cause of racism, then, was a globalization mentality that was held by colonists and the British. The fact that the Spanish, the main competitors of the British, were
Before the evolution of Taoism can be examined, its origins must be taken into account. During the fourth and third centuries BC, China experienced a period of blossoming intellectualism which, along with many others, saw the rise of Taoism as a school of thought.1 It began as a stark contrast to Confucianism with the writings of Laozi and Zhuangzi at its foundation.2 Laozi and Zhuangzi thought that forcing action towards the government would only serve to make things worse for everyone. They believed that rulers should not interfere with the private lives of the people.3 In fact, Laozi went so far as to claim that