Why are CRAs (particularly, Moody’s Investors Service and Standard & Poor’s) so entrenched in financial markets? 3. What are the criticisms of CRAs and is it feasible for regulators to attempt to reduce the reliance of financial markets on CRAs? 4. The article refers to the various sovereign rating changes that have recently occurred.
Currency risk- if unexpected changes in currency values affect the value of the firm 4. Identify and describe the ways in which a US company can participate in international commerce. 5. The price of a currency forward contract is determined by the relationship between interest rates of the two countries in question and the time period covered by the contract. Is this statement exactly true, partly true or false?
Questions 1. a. Discuss the specific items of capital that should be included in the WACC. The capital that should be included in the WACC is the common stock, preferred stock, bonds and any other long-term debt b. The comptroller currently finds the weights for the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) from information from the balance sheet shown in Table 2. Compute the book value weights that the comptroller currently uses for the company’s capital structure.
Cash transactions from op, fin and inv o Were any stock options exercised? In which financial statement did you find this information? What are the components of this financial statement? Using the Statement of Cash Flow we can see that proceeds from the exercise of stock options totaled $1,826,816. The components of the statement of cash flow shows how changes in balance sheet and income accounts affect cash and cash equivalents, and breaks the analysis down into operating, investing, and financing activities.
Open market operations are the United States Treasury’s and Federal agency securities’ purchases and sales. The objective of the open market operations is to discover a “desired quantity of reserves or a desired price (the federal funds rate)” (“Board”). The federal funds rate is the rate at which certain bank establishments are able to lend balances to the Federal Reserve to other particular banks overnight. It seems like such a great idea, but now a days, the Federal Open Market Committee is unsure about the risk it bestows to the extensive goals of price solidity and manageable economic
The four fundamental factors that affect the cost of money are production opportunities, time preferences for consumption, risk, and expected inflation. k. What are some economic conditions (including international aspects) that affect the cost of money? Some economic conditions are budgets deficits, federal reserve policies, budget surpluses, level of business activity and international trade deficits or surpluses. The international aspects are country risk and exchange rate
Financial statements are an important product of the accounting process. Provide an example of an external user. How could he or she be harmed by fraudulent and unethical financial statements? ? Large-scale bankruptcies and corporate frauds resulted in the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act.
This account can be the target of fraud in the organization because it can be intentionally misstated and violate the accuracy assertions. Employees can easily misstate the amounts that a fundraising event actually cost the organization and pocket the discrepancies. The auditor should do analytical procedures and substantive tests in order to detect these misstatements. Additionally this account should be analyzed and compared to the bills the organization has on file. The final account that is on the balance sheet under the net assets and fund balances of the balance sheet would be the unrestricted net assets account.
In the case of our government, debt is managed primarily by selling bonds. The process is cyclical as the government has to sell new bonds to pay for older bonds that have matured. It is important to realize that debt should be judged in relation to assets. While debt is probably never a good thing, in the case of the U.S. economy it is not as bad as it seems. When we view some of the assets of the United States such as natural resources, skilled workforce, and tax revenue generating businesses, we see that our assets have enough value to sustain our current debt level
The income statement and the balance sheet can often be misleading to an investor as there are many ways to record the dispensing of an asset or other types of financial obligations (Financial Statements: A Step-by-Step Guide to Understanding and Creating Financial Reports, 2009). The cash flow statement contains three sections: the cash flows from operating activities, which shows how much money the business received from operating the business; the cash flows from investing activities, which shows the money the business has gained or loss from investing; and the cash flow from financing activities, which shows the money that was taken in or paid out to finance the different business activities. Using the cash flow statement allows an investor to see if a business is generating more money than is used to operate the business. If this is happening regularly, the business is considered healthy and should be a good