An upheaval among the indigenous civilizations was created by the English. They brought diseases with them that the Indians could not fight off, even though they were usually bigger and healthier than the English. Smallpox was the leading killer of the Indians but measles and influenza played a part in the millions of deaths. The English held a higher degree of social equality than the French in the new world. Native Americans highly valued community rather than individualism.
Throughout the eighteenth century, death rates were very high. Mortality rates were as high as 36 deaths per 1000 people in England. With improvements in quality of life and medicine, and decreases in infant mortality, the nineteenth century saw a decrease in the death rate. For instance, Denmark saw very low mortality rates of 13.2 per 1000 people. The worst mortality rates were in Spain and Russia.
There were many factors that helped the growth of The British Empire such as early settlers and trading companies, however the Navigation Acts rapidly accelerated the success of the trading companies therefore expanding The British Empire. The Navigation Acts were a set of laws that kept trade in the hands of the British; this gave them ultimate power over most trade and gained them a lot of wealth and thus success. Government and war played a significant role in the growth of the British Empire which gave them more power such as the EIC winning a number of sea battles against the Dutch which granted another firmum which gave the company more effective trading. Trading companies helped the growth of the British Empire, as without these, there would have been no income, meaning Britain couldn’t gain more land and secure more footholds. The trading companies played a significant role in triggering the Navigation Acts, but it was the acts themselves that put trade in the hands of the British.
The conquest of certain civilizations lead to new ideas being brought in by the conquerors, and this lead to a much larger surplus, larger than ever before. Along with the arrival of surplus-enhancing technology, the smelting of iron also appeared. Before, copper and bronze had been used, but had proved to be only accessible to the wealthy and made poor tools, and weapons, too. Iron ore was much more abundant than copper, and with the skillful workings of the blacksmiths, “the effect [it had] on agriculture was massive,” (Harman 46). By the 7th century BC, new civilizations that were based on the new technologies that came around were on the rise.
Since the South had a larger population they had a bigger army. The Union had a smaller army because of their smaller population in North. In the North they had smaller farms and the South had large plantations. The North and South had many interesting differences and facts from the Civil War. The North and South have many different facts about each other that make the split countries unique.
They were also more interested in conquering and converting than they were establishing trade routes and settlements ("English, French, and Spanish Exploration (Overview)”). Conversely, the Dutch came to the New World seeking fresh trading areas and sources for ludicrous goods in high demand back in Europe (such as tobacco, sugar, fur), and brought with them a tolerance towards disparate beliefs (Union of Utrecht 1579). While this was good for business, the multifarious demographic of the New Netherlands fostered a prominent lack of unity and loyalty amongst colonists that proved to be a major weakness during forthcoming times of stress (Bannon 238). Like the Dutch, the French were also chiefly drawn to exploration for trade and resources (particularly fur) (Bannon 9). Unfortunately, the French never amassed the population numbers to establish themselves
However, the Germans understood modern warfare better than any opponent and getting them to surrender would not be easy, since they had the best weaponry around. The European theater displayed higher weaponry than the Pacific theater did. Germany unlike Japan, kept inventing new weapons that the Allies had no experience with these new weapons. For example, the Germans had weapons like bazookas, panzerfausts, MP40s, MG42s, and Kar98. The Germans launched a lot of counterattacks on the Allies.
Expansion of the British Empire By the mid to end of the 1800’s Britain had gained a foothold in many countries across the world and in particular in North America, South Africa, West Indies, India and Australia as can be seen by the following map dated 1887. Expansion through imperial warfare with France and Spain, land taking from Indians, mercantilist policies, and salutary neglect helped the British monarchy expand from monocarp plantation colonies in the West Indies to a more diversified economic and social structure in the eastern colonies of North America. The main reasons why Britain expanded their empire was because they wanted to prove and to show to the rest of the world that they were more powerful than most other countries and they succeeded in this as they had colonized with many countries. Britain weren’t the only country trying to prove their power as they had a few opponents who had prevented Britain succeeding quicker and with no hassle. The French and the Dutch were the other main Empire builders as they, as well as Britain, had aimed for similar countries and this caused many disagreements and frustration between these countries.
English emigrated to America due to high population, high unemployment and the promise of a better life which America was offering. Thomas Malthius published his essay “the principles of population” in 1798. In this he claims that Britain’s population was growing at a faster rate than the food supply, this causing panic and encouraging the government to conduct a census in 1801. The result was 10.501.000, Britons population was estimated to have doubled in fifty years since 1750. This population problem coupled with new agricultural developments such as enclosure acts, which doubled crop production using fewer workers meant that there were many agricultural workers who were jobless.
The government would expand as a result of political stability, military strength and advanced urban growth. Trade also helped expand the civilization. Rome’s trade has excess to North Africa, the Middle East and Europe. Han’s trade consisted more of an inland route. These political instruments helped the civilizations control and expand during their rule.