For example, tailored moving and handling procedures maybe needed for individuals with: • Bone or joint conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis where the joints become inflamed and painful. Osteoarthritis is where the cartilage of the joints becomes worn, stiff and painful. And osteoporosis, in which the bone density is reduced increasing the risk of fractures. • A physical disability that affects the movement and mobility of an individual, such as muscular dystrophy, amputation, stroke, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy and epilepsy. • Individuals we support may also require health care attachments such as, PEG feeding tubes, catheter or oxygen therapy.
MG causes chewing and swallowing to be difficult, also the nasal bone because aspiration can happen in more severe cases. The Appendicular skeletal area is also affected because the arms and legs are involved because of the muscle weakness. All in all, one can say any part of the skeletal system can be
2. - Identify pressure sites of the body. The areas on the body that are at risk of developing pressure ulcers are the place in direct contacted with a supporting surface, such are a bed or wheelchair. The areas are: ➢ Shoulders or shoulder blades ➢ Elbows ➢ Back of head ➢ Rimes of ears ➢ Knees, ankles, heels or toes ➢ Spine ➢ Tail bone (small bone at bottom of the spine) 3. - Identify factors which might put an individual at risk of skin breakdown and pressure sores.
Multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis This booklet includes- The symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis The impact of Multiple Sclerosis The signs of Multiple Sclerosis What is multiple Sclerosis? Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that affects the brain and the spine, eventually it ends in not being able to control muscles, loss of vision, not being able to balance, and numbness. When you suffer from multiple sclerosis the brain and spine are damaged by the immune system, this is known as an autoimmune disease. The symptoms- The symptoms affect every person differently, they vary on how much damage has been done to the nerves. Some symptoms include: -visual Problems: the visual problems are one of the first to occur normally.
Derick Stein, an amputee in Dr. Ramachandran case study, lost his arm in an accident, he ripped nerves from his spinal cord in his neck. After his arm was removed he could still feel sensations and pain in his “phantom limb,” he even said that “sometimes the pain was so great that he would turn pale and break out in to cold sweats.” (Ramachandran). He would also feel a strange sensation in his “phantom limb” while shaving the left side of his face, this is due to the receptors in the somatosensory cortex combining signals from surrounding receptors. Some of his struggles included pains or cramping in his
CHF is a chronic, long-term condition although at times it can develop quite suddenly. When a heart’s muscles can no longer efficiently pump blood out of the heart wall, systolic heart failure occurs, and when blood is no longer able to fill the heart’s cavity due to stiffened heart muscles, diastolic heart failure follows. When the heart is no longer able to eject blood outside of the heart wall, blood is prevented from entering as well. This, in turn, will lead to fluid build-up in the lungs, liver, GI (gastrointestinal) tract, arms, and legs, and as a result, a lack of oxygen and nutrition to these organs and body parts ensues. Although CHF can develop on its own, other heart problems or conditions such as Congenital Heart Disease, hearts attacks, and arrhythmias (abnormal heart beats) can lead to CHF (Hunt).
Pathophysiology of heart attack Definition: Myocardial infarction is the death of a segment of the heart muscle (usually by necrosis and sometimes by apoptosis) following myocardial ischemia (reduced blood supply) due to the occlusion (blockage) of the coronary artery by coronary thrombosis (blood clot) or by sudden narrowing as in spasm (usually causes only ischemia) Mechanism: Atherosclerosis formation narrows the coronary artery, fibro-fatty plaques formed of inflammatory cells, cholesterol, proteins and calcium. They are hard on the outside, soft on the inside. The hard surface cracks or tears exposing the soft inside. This calls for the formation of a blood clot starting with the platelet plug which further narrows the artery. Then a blood clot is formed, sometimes completely occluding the artery, leading to myocardial ischemia and heart muscle death in the supplied region mainly by necrosis, where the dead muscle tissue is replaced by collagen scar.
Most people who have mild to moderate disease will be treated by a rheumatologist, who specializes in the diseases of joints and muscles. However, if your lupus causes kidney problems, you will also see a Nephrologist, a specialist in diseases of the renal system. If you have rashes or lesions, you will see a dermatologist, who specializes in diseases that affect the skin. Because lupus can cause damage to any part of the body, other specialists may be necessary. Such as a Cardiologist, who specializes in heart problems, or a Neurologist, who specializes in problems that affect the brain and nervous system, or a Perinatologist, who specializes in high-risk
They could range from mild, moderate to severe. Some of these symptoms include fatigue, incoordination, spasticity, sensory loss and numbness, muscle weakness, cardiovascular dysautonomi, heat sensitivity, blurred vision, tremor, impaired sudomotor function, bladder dysfunction, cognitive or memory deficits and possible depression (Castellano, V. 2006). Most of the disability that is affiliated with multiple sclerosis is caused by the nerve fibers in the long pathways, like the pyramidal tract. This tract supplies the efferent and afferent signals to the legs and dorsal columns. With damage, it is not able to successfully send the signals, causing motor disability (Gutierrez, G. M. 2005).
Undertake Agreed Pressure Area Care. Describe the anatomy and physiology of the skin in relation to skin breakdown and the development of pressure sores. The skin consists of the epidermis or first skin layer and the dermis or second skin layer, these cover the subcutaneous fat, muscle and bone. When dealing with pressure sores there are 4 stages. In stage one the epidermis begins to die as lack blood, carrying oxygen and nutrients is cut off.