The Gregorian Reform’s most forceful advocate, Pope Gregory VII, is known as one of the great reformer popes and was a driving force in the eleventh-century religious reform movement. He initiated a series of reforms that dealt with the independence and moral integrity of the clergy; he was the first pope in several centuries that rigorously enforced the Church's ancient policy of celibacy for the Catholic clergy, attacked the practice of simony, and defended the papal authority in the Investiture Controversy. The Gregorian Reform’s main concerns were the moral integrity and independence of the clergy but it also had a large and lasting impact on the authority of the pope in the western world. Before the Gregorian Reform there were many corruptions in the church: the most detrimental being non-celibate priests along with simony. Gregory VII saw these offenses, how they were tearing away at the church as a whole, and wanted to abolish these practices.
Gregory the Great in his days tried with little success to bring all the new churches to Rome. The close relationship of the Carolingians with the papacy since the eighth century resulted in imperial theocracy; and not in papal hierarchy. When the imperial power disintegrated and the church remained the only bond of union between Christian people, Gregory’s old ways were chosen once more and the pope’s sovereignty was quickly established. Even though it law that the pope be also held superior to the emperor. This was the trend development during the middle Ages.
I think people were drawn to his beliefs because his beliefs were different from Calvin’s. Although Calvin and Ignatius of Loyola had different views about their beliefs, they were caring and praising of the same god. They both strongly believed in their beliefs and fought for it no matter what. In my opinion both Calvin and Ignatius of Loyola’s beliefs were right. I believe that it doesn’t matter how or where you believe in god just as long as you believe so that you can truly receive Salvation.
Reflection #5: Divided Royalties: “Jonathan Boucher & the Pre-Revolutionary Crisis” In my opinion this chapter in the reader is a good chance to compare and contrast Jonathan Boucher’s loyalty to Great Britain and the Anglican Church, to the Rebellion of the colonist and their ripening beliefs of Deism. Boucher’s position in regards to Great Britain was much like that of many government officials, merchants, and clerics during this time; it depended on royal support in order to survive. His loyalty to the church came from the earlier methodology that the Anglican Church was the one true church. These aged concepts and ideals oppose everything that colonist were trying to establish leading up to the revolutionary
This has been greatly debated and in the end he didn’t become more tolerant towards the Catholics, he started to suppress them. In 1604 the Hampton Court Conference took place, the conference was called in response to a series of requests for reform set down in the Millenary Petition by the Puritans, a document which supposedly contained the signatures of 1000 puritan ministers. The conference set off with a meeting between James and his bishops about some of the Puritan complaints detailed in the Millenary Petition. The King, after ending his talks with the bishops, claimed he was "well satisfied", and declared that "the manner might be changed and some things cleared". Private baptism, especially when administered by women, would prove to be a more intense argument between James and his bishops, but James eventually persuaded them that only ministers should administer baptisms.
As established by Henry VIII in 1550 to distance himself from the Catholic Church and the Pope (and make it possible for him to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon), the official religion of England at the beginning of the Victorian period, circa 1850, was that of the Anglican Church, known as the Church of England. Nonetheless, there were other religions that were quite important in the country, mainly Catholicism and Methodism, which was greatly known thanks to John Wesley and grew under Victorian times. There was also a movement of anti-Church, notably with the Age of Reason of Tom Paine, in 1794, and the apparition of spiritualism. The initiators of such movements where referred to as dissenters, and there were many dissented groups at the time. The Victorian period, up until the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, was therefore a time of religious confusion, but also, as we will see, of great charity, as well as of birth of new beliefs.
The account by Fulcher of Chartres shows more of a religious approach where the Pope opens his speech by saying what should be the characteristics of a person to be close to God and not face his wrath, “I hoped to find you as faithful and as zealous in the service of God as I had supposed you to be.” At this point of the speech the audience does not know the purpose of this talk. Pope Urban II continues his advice to public of how to go on the right path of Christianity mentioning topics like hireling and simony. From this part of the speech one can tell that for the audience religion was a serious matter which people would go to war for. Analyzing this account it seems as the Pope knows how he can approach the public and basically persuade them into this crusade. People who would stay behind would be considered as outlaws or nor passionate
a) the King b) the Nobles c) the Pope d) the Knights 4. Martin Luther believed that salvation was obtained through: a) faith b) the sacraments c) purchasing indulgences d) practicing celibacy 5. The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation were similar in that both were a) stimulated by a spirit of inquiry b) supported by the working class c) limited to Italy, France, and Germany d) encouraged by the successes of the French Revolution 6. One major influence the Renaissance had on the Protestant Reformation was that the philosophers of the Renaissance a) supported democratic forms of government b) encouraged a questioning attitude c) stressed the importance of life after death d) denied the existence of God 7. The ideas of the of the Protestant Reformation were rapidly spread by ________, a new invention of the time a) the printing press b) telephone c) the Internet d) telegraph 8.
This put the Catholic Church at odds with them over the sale of indulgences, that allowed the Church to forgive sins and promises to limit the times the person would spend in purgatory after death. Germany was known for religious reform in the fourteenth and fifteenth century, these movements made changes to how we worship today. “Luther was concerned as early as 1516 that his parishioners were induced to be complacent about true contrition for their sin if they purchased indulgences that promised forgiveness for a price. Then in 1517 the sale of a special jubilee indulgence was promoted by Pope Leo X ostensibly to pay for the building of a new St. Peter’s basilica. Behind the scenes, half of the money raised would repay the bankers of Augsburg for the
They had condemned de Valera and his followers during the civil war however Fianna Fail were strongly influenced by the church and bishops. De valera seeked acceptance as leader who had the approval of the church. This meant that the Eucharistic congress of 1932 would be significant as it was perfect for