Vaccination programs have been successful in preventing the spread and occurrence of once common infectious diseases such as smallpox, diphtheria and polio. The smallpox vaccination program was especially successful with smallpox now declared completely eradicated. The Pan American Health Organisation’s effort to eradicate smallpox in 1950 was successful with smallpox being eliminated from all American countries except some South American countries. In 1967, the World Health Organisation assisted the movement to eradicate smallpox by contributing to the effort. In eradicating smallpox, strategies such as ring vaccination and herd immunity were implemented, preventing each outbreak from spreading.
– antiobody test. Culture most except VZV and CMV – dying field to cultutre Table – chris’s notes Therapry and prevemtion Available for HSV VZV CMV =- HSV 6 Acicolvir and ganciclovir Vaccination Chickenpox vaccine and zoster vaccine Used in prevention and post exposure Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver Inflammatory Infective Metabolic Toxin including alcholhol Ischemic - all these different type of Presentation Actute – synptoms sprectirum opf illness 10 days – 6 weeks Sprecturm totally well tot toally liver failure Or Chronic >6 months sprectrum of liver damage from mild to cirrhosis. Symptoms signs an dlab tests Symptoms Fatigue nausea fever Signs JAUNDICe LFTS tests – bilirubin ALT and AST Ratio AST / ALT >2 suggestive of alcohol Most are present with acture deisease with chronic disease dependent on extent of damge, cirrhosis and decompenstation. Viral Hepatitis Term denoting inflammation of the liver due to infection with one of the 5 hepatotropic viruses HAV HBV HCV HDV HEV - belong to 5 different families Other viruses: Herpes viruses – HSV EBV CMV
The investigation included hospitals, day care settings, churches, and schools. Measles outbreaks had been considered eradicated since 2000, however with more and more people choosing to be unvaccinated, and increasing travel outside the United States this has become a worry again for the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The current rate for measles in the United States is 1 in 738,672 people (Vaccine incidence, 2014). Despite great achievements put forward toward global reduction of measles, there still remains a large issue. In 2010, 327,305 cases of measles were reported and approximately 139,300 deaths (CDC,
In 1967 seventeen Nobel Laureates and 5000 other scientists signed a petition asking for the immediate end to the use of herbicides in Vietnam. Press coverage of the controversial use of herbicides in Vietnam increased in the late 1960s. In 1970 AAAS sent a team of scientists to conduct field tests of the ecological impacts of the herbicide program in Vietnam. In 1969 a report authored by K. Diane Courtney and others found that 2,4,5-T could cause birth defects and still births in mice. This, and follow-up studies, led the US government to restrict the use of 2,4,5-T in the US in April 1970.
Many believe that the bombings were justified because it is said too have prevented millions of deaths that would have occurred due to an allied invasion of Japan. While others talk about how it ended WW2 and brought supposedly justice and glory too Americans and it’s nation. They have failed too realize that all of this is temporary and can or should be acceptable of the damage and facts that show more bad than good was done over history. The united States at the time states that they saved on resources which is true because dropping the atomic bombs they were fire bombing cities in Japan using up tons of fuel,planes,and bombs achieving the same effect as the atomic bomb and killing just as many
The Red Cross supplies about 40% of the nation’s blood supply and provides blood for patients in approximately 2,700 hospitals across the United States ("Blood Facts and Statistics", 2014). In providing life-saving products, abiding by lawful regulations regarding the handling of blood is strictly for the safety of the public to avoid transfusing disease as in the 2008 case of a blood transfusion that resulted in a patient contracting HIV ("HIV Transmission Through Transfusion --- Missouri And Colorado, 2008", 2010). The Red Cross strives for excellence in quality and control but this was questioned in the early 1990’s. “After years of quiet complaints about the Red Cross’s blood business, the F.D.A. reluctantly decided to go public with its concerns in 1993, obtaining a consent decree that required the Red Cross to strengthen quality control and training and improve its ability to identify, investigate and record problems” (Strom, 2008).
In 2010, the Haiti National Public Health Laboratory declared a cholera outbreak in Haiti after being notified of a sudden increase in patients with diarrhea and dehydration. (Centers for disease control and prevention) This outbreak was caused by contaminated food or water or an infected person, and lab tests were able to identify the cholera strain. Testing may never fully explain how cholera was introduced into Haiti; and although it is important to understand how infectious agents move to new countries, we may never know the actual origin of this cholera strain. (MSNBC) When responding to an outbreak, the usual intervention strategy is to reduce deaths by ensuring prompt access to treatment, and to
To Vaccinate or Not to Vaccinate? When the right time comes for me to have a child, I am for vaccinations. Over the years vaccinations have become more and more efficient for fighting away diseases such as mumps, measles, rubella, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and polio. According to a 2003 report by researchers at the Pediatric Academic Society, childhood vaccinations in the U.S. prevented about 10.5 million cases of infectious illness and 33,000 deaths. Once the vaccine is injected, your body mimics what would happen if the real harmful virus took over your body’s defense.
Tony went to Kenya as a young child and experienced a disease that many fear with their lives. Malaria is very dangerous, but Tony discovered something while visiting that shifted scientific genetic views. Previously, sickle cell anemia did not have any true benefits, yet Tony researched deeply and found a link that is nearly unquestionable. The link shows that people who are heterozygous with sickle cell have proven to be able to survive more
In fact, the government supports vaccines so strongly that any uninsured child can walk into a clinic and get his or her shots for free (Heyworth, 2011). Mary Glode, M.D., a pediatric professor at the University of Colorado says, “immunizations are simply one of the greatest public health achievements”. The national immunization rate has remained stable with 76 percent of children aged 19 to 35 months up-to-date on all shots, but is still short of the government’s goal of 80 percent (Heyworth, 2011). With parents delaying shots or skipping certain ones altogether, serious diseases that had been wiped out in the U.S have now become part of a recent outbreak. In most parents the fear of vaccines is the belief that the increased number of vaccinations required is the cause of autism.